Linux ninth week homework

1、显示统计占用系统内存最多的进程，并排序。

以下几种写法都可以：
ps aux --sort=-%mem 
ps aux --sort=-rss
ps aux --sort=-rssize
ps aux --sort=-rsz
ps aux | sort -k4nr

root@14:35:48~ # ps aux --sort=-%mem 
USER        PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
andy       2035  2.4  8.4 3498208 171104 ?      Sl   14:31   0:06 /usr/bin/gnome-shell
andy       2356  1.4  4.7 1185540 95772 ?       Sl   14:31   0:03 /usr/libexec/gnome-initial-setup --exis
root       2653  2.6  2.3 474548 48396 ?        SN   14:31   0:06 /usr/bin/python /usr/share/PackageKit/h
root       1388  0.9  2.2 338632 46624 tty1     Ssl+ 14:31   0:02 /usr/bin/X :0 -background none -noreset
andy       2459  0.9  1.7 925352 35912 ?        Sl   14:31   0:02 /usr/bin/gnome-software --gapplication-
root        736  0.5  1.4 358756 29532 ?        Ssl  14:31   0:01 /usr/bin/python2 -Es /usr/sbin/firewall
andy       2591  0.1  1.4 670092 28964 ?        Sl   14:31   0:00 /usr/libexec/gnome-terminal-server
andy       2303  0.1  1.3 957444 27344 ?        Sl   14:31   0:00 nautilus-desktop --force


root@14:36:47~ # ps aux --sort=-rss
USER        PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
andy       2035  2.0  8.4 3497184 171112 ?      Sl   14:31   0:06 /usr/bin/gnome-shell
andy       2356  1.2  4.7 1185540 95772 ?       Sl   14:31   0:03 /usr/libexec/gnome-initial-setup --exis
root       2653  2.1  2.3 474548 48412 ?        SN   14:31   0:06 /usr/bin/python /usr/share/PackageKit/h
root       1388  0.7  2.2 338632 46624 tty1     Ssl+ 14:31   0:02 /usr/bin/X :0 -background none -noreset
andy       2459  0.8  1.7 925352 35912 ?        Sl   14:31   0:02 /usr/bin/gnome-software --gapplication-
root        736  0.4  1.4 358756 29532 ?        Ssl  14:31   0:01 /usr/bin/python2 -Es /usr/sbin/firewall
andy       2591  0.1  1.4 670092 28964 ?        Sl   14:31   0:00 /usr/libexec/gnome-terminal-server

2、编写脚本，使用for和while分别实现192.168.0.0/24网段内，地址是否能够ping通，若ping通则输出"success!"，若ping不通则输出"fail!"

For循环

root@13:38:11~ # vim ip_for.sh 
#!/bin/bash
NETID=192.168.0.
for HOSTID in {1..254};do
{
	if /bin/ping -c1 -W1 $NETID$HOSTID >/dev/null ;then
		echo "$NETID$HOSTID is up."
	else
		echo "$NETID$HOSTID is down."
	fi
} &   ###并发执行
done 
wait

root@13:38:11~ # chmod +x ip_for.sh
root@13:38:11~ # sh ip_for.sh 
192.168.0.5 is down.
192.168.0.6 is down.
192.168.0.7 is down.
192.168.0.8 is down.
192.168.0.9 is down.
...
192.168.0.250 is down.
192.168.0.253 is down.
192.168.0.254 is down.

While循环

生成要扫描的IP列表：
[root@centos7 data]# echo 192.168.0.{1..254} |tr -s " " "\n" > ip.txt

[root@centos7 data]# vim ip_while.sh 
#!/bin/bash
while read ip;do
{
	/bin/ping -c1 -W1 $ip >/dev/null
	if [ $? -eq "0" ];then
		echo "$ip is up."
	else
		echo "$ip is down."
	fi
} & 
done </data/ip.txt
wait

[root@centos7 data]# chmod +x ip_while.sh
[root@centos7 data]# sh ip_while.sh 
192.168.0.2 is down.
192.168.0.3 is down.
192.168.0.4 is down.
192.168.0.1 is down.
...
192.168.0.248 is down.
192.168.0.251 is down.
192.168.0.250 is down.

3、每周的工作日1:30，将/etc备份至/backup目录中，保存的文件名称格式 为“etcbak-yyyy-mm-dd-HH.tar.xz”，其中日期是前一天的时间

创建脚本：bakcup.sh
[root@centos7 data]# vim backup.sh 
#!/bin/bash
[ -d /backup ] || mkdir /backup
rpm -q xz >/dev/null
[ $? -eq 0 ] || yum -y install xz >/dev/null
DATEFORMAT=`date -d yesterday "+%Y-%m-%d-%H"`
tar -cf /backup/etcbak-$DATEFORMAT.tar /etc > /dev/null && xz -z /backup/etcbak-$DATEFORMAT.tar

[root@centos7 data]# chmod +x backup.sh
[root@centos7 data]# vim /etc/crontab
SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
MAILTO=root
HOME=/

 4、工作日时间，每10分钟执行一次磁盘空间检查，一旦发现任何分区利用率高 于80%，就发送邮件报警

#!/bin/bash
Diskspace=`df |sed -nr ‘s,^/dev/sd.*[ ]+(.*)%.*,\1,p’ |sort -nr |head -1`
Diskinode=`df -i |sed -nr ‘s,^/dev/sd.*[ ]+(.*)%.*,\1,p’ |sort -nr |head -1`

if [ $Diskspace -gt 80 -o $Diskinode -gt 80 ] ;then
wall “Disk space will not enough space!”
fi

*/10 * * * * /root/Myscripts/diskcheck.sh