Oracle 数据库入门之----------------------处理数据

oracle --之--处理数据

 

SQL> /*

SQL> SQL的类型

SQL> 1、DML(Data Manipulation Language 数据操作语言): select insert update delete

SQL> 2、DDL(Data Definition Language 数据定义语言): create table,alter table,truncate table,drop table

SQL>                                                create/drop view,sequnece,index,synonym(同义词)

SQL> 3、DCL(Data Control Language 数据控制语言): grant(授权) revoke(撤销权限)

SQL> */

SQL> --插入insert

SQL> insert into emp(empno,ename,sal,deptno) values(1001,'Tom',3000,10);

 

已创建 1 行。

 

SQL> --PreparedStatement pst = "insert into emp(empno,ename,sal,deptno) values(?,?,?,?)";

SQL> --地址符 &

SQL> insert into emp(empno,ename,sal,deptno) values(&empno,&ename,&sal,&deptno);

输入 empno 的值:  1002

输入 ename 的值:  'Mary'

输入 sal 的值:  2000

输入 deptno 的值:  20

    1: insert into emp(empno,ename,sal,deptno) values(&empno,&ename,&sal,&deptno)

    1: insert into emp(empno,ename,sal,deptno) values(1002,'Mary',2000,20)

 

已创建 1 行。

 

SQL> /

输入 empno 的值:  1003

输入 ename 的值:  'Mike'

输入 sal 的值:  5000

输入 deptno 的值:  10

    1: insert into emp(empno,ename,sal,deptno) values(&empno,&ename,&sal,&deptno)

    1: insert into emp(empno,ename,sal,deptno) values(1003,'Mike',5000,10)

 

已创建 1 行。

 

SQL> select empno,ename,sal,&t

  2  from emp;

输入 t 的值:  job

    1: select empno,ename,sal,&t

    1: select empno,ename,sal,job

 

     EMPNO ENAME             SAL JOB                                                                                                                                                                    

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------                                                                                                                                                              

      1001 Tom              3000                                                                                                                                                                        

      1002 Mary             2000                                                                                                                                                                        

      1003 Mike             5000                                                                                                                                                                        

      7369 SMITH             800 CLERK                                                                                                                                                                  

      7499 ALLEN            1600 SALESMAN                                                                                                                                                               

      7521 WARD             1250 SALESMAN                                                                                                                                                               

      7566 JONES            2975 MANAGER                                                                                                                                                                

      7654 MARTIN           1250 SALESMAN                                                                                                                                                               

      7698 BLAKE            2850 MANAGER                                                                                                                                                                

      7782 CLARK            2450 MANAGER                                                                                                                                                                

      7788 SCOTT            3000 ANALYST                                                                                                                                                                

 

     EMPNO ENAME             SAL JOB                                                                                                                                                                    

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------                                                                                                                                                              

      7839 KING             5000 PRESIDENT                                                                                                                                                              

      7844 TURNER           1500 SALESMAN                                                                                                                                                               

      7876 ADAMS            1100 CLERK                                                                                                                                                                  

      7900 JAMES             950 CLERK                                                                                                                                                                  

      7902 FORD             3000 ANALYST                                                                                                                                                                

      7934 MILLER           1300 CLERK                                                                                                                                                                  

 

已选择 17 行。

 

SQL> /

输入 t 的值:  sal

    1: select empno,ename,sal,&t

    1: select empno,ename,sal,sal

 

     EMPNO ENAME             SAL        SAL                                                                                                                                                             

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------                                                                                                                                                             

      1001 Tom              3000       3000                                                                                                                                                             

      1002 Mary             2000       2000                                                                                                                                                             

      1003 Mike             5000       5000                                                                                                                                                             

      7369 SMITH             800        800                                                                                                                                                             

      7499 ALLEN            1600       1600                                                                                                                                                             

      7521 WARD             1250       1250                                                                                                                                                             

      7566 JONES            2975       2975                                                                                                                                                             

      7654 MARTIN           1250       1250                                                                                                                                                             

      7698 BLAKE            2850       2850                                                                                                                                                             

      7782 CLARK            2450       2450                                                                                                                                                             

      7788 SCOTT            3000       3000                                                                                                                                                             

 

     EMPNO ENAME             SAL        SAL                                                                                                                                                             

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------                                                                                                                                                             

      7839 KING             5000       5000                                                                                                                                                             

      7844 TURNER           1500       1500                                                                                                                                                             

      7876 ADAMS            1100       1100                                                                                                                                                             

      7900 JAMES             950        950                                                                                                                                                             

      7902 FORD             3000       3000                                                                                                                                                             

      7934 MILLER           1300       1300                                                                                                                                                             

 

已选择 17 行。

 

SQL> select * from &t;

输入 t 的值:  dept

    1: select * from &t

    1: select * from dept

 

    DEPTNO DNAME          LOC                                                                                                                                                                           

---------- -------------- -------------                                                                                                                                                                 

        10 ACCOUNTING     NEW YORK                                                                                                                                                                      

        20 RESEARCH       DALLAS                                                                                                                                                                        

        30 SALES          CHICAGO                                                                                                                                                                       

        40 OPERATIONS     BOSTON                                                                                                                                                                        

 

SQL> rollback;

 

回退已完成。

 

SQL> host cls

 

SQL> -插入多条记录

SP2-0734: 知的令开头 "-一次插入..." - 忽略了剩余的行。

SQL> --一次插入多条记录

SQL> create table emp10 as select * from emp where 1=2;

 

表已创建。

 

SQL> desc emp10

 名称                                                                                                              是否为? 

 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 EMPNO                                                                                                                      NUMBER(4)

 ENAME                                                                                                                      VARCHAR2(10)

 JOB                                                                                                                        VARCHAR2(9)

 MGR                                                                                                                        NUMBER(4)

 HIREDATE                                                                                                                   DATE

 SAL                                                                                                                        NUMBER(7,2)

 COMM                                                                                                                       NUMBER(7,2)

 DEPTNO                                                                                                                     NUMBER(2)

 

SQL> select * from emp10;

 

选定行

 

SQL> --一次性将emp中,所有10号部门的员工插入到emp10中

SQL> insert into emp10 select * from emp where deptno=10;

 

已创建 3 行。

 

SQL> select * from emp10;

 

     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE              SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                                                              

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ----------                                                                                                              

      7782 CLARK      MANAGER         7839 09-6-81           2450                    10                                                                                                              

      7839 KING       PRESIDENT            17-11-81           5000                    10                                                                                                              

      7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 23-1-82           1300                    10                                                                                                              

 

SQL> /*

SQL> 海量插入数据:

SQL> 1、数据泵(PLSQL程序)

SQL>    dbms_datapump(程序包)

SQL> 2、SQL*Loader

SQL> 3、外部表

SQL> */

SQL> host cls

 

SQL> /*

SQL> delete和truncate的区别

SQL> 1、delete逐条删除;truncate先摧毁表 再重建2

SQL> 2、(*)delete是DML  truncate是DDL

SQL>         (可以回滚)         (不可以回滚)

SQL> 3、delete不会释放空间 truncate会

SQL> 4、delete会产生碎片 truncate不会

SQL> 5、delete可以闪回(flashback)  truncate不可以

SQL> */

SQL> --flashback其实是一种恢复

SQL> set feedback off

SQL> @d:\temp\testdelete.sql

SQL> select count(*) from testdelete;

 

  COUNT(*)                                                                                                                                                                                              

----------                                                                                                                                                                                              

      5000                                                                                                                                                                                              

SQL> set timinig on

SP2-0158: 知的 SET 选项 "timinig"

SQL> set timing on

SQL> delete from testdelete;

时间:  00: 00: 00.14

SQL> set timing off

SQL> drop table testdelete purge;

SQL>  @d:\temp\testdelete.sql

SQL> set timing on

SQL> truncate table testdelete;

时间:  00: 00: 00.27

SQL> set timing off

SQL> --原因:(非常非常非常)undo数据(还原数据)

SQL> host cls

 

SQL> /*

SQL> Oracle中的事务

SQL> 1、起始标志: 事务中的第一条DML语句

SQL> 2、结束标志:提交: 显式  commit  隐式: 正常退出 DDL DCL

SQL>             回滚: 显式 rollback   隐式: 非正常退出 掉电  宕机

SQL> */

SQL> create table testsavepoint

  2  (tid number,tname varchar2(20));

SQL> set feedback on

SQL> insert into testsavepoint values(1,'Tom');

 

已创建 1 行。

 

SQL> insert into testsavepoint values(2,'Mary');

 

已创建 1 行。

 

SQL> savepoint a;

 

保存点已创建。

 

SQL> select * from testsavepoint;

 

       TID TNAME                                                                                                                                                                                        

---------- --------------------                                                                                                                                                                         

         1 Tom                                                                                                                                                                                          

         2 Mary                                                                                                                                                                                         

 

已选择 2 行。

 

SQL> insert into testsavepoint values(3,'Maee');

 

已创建 1 行。

 

SQL>  select * from testsavepoint;

 

       TID TNAME                                                                                                                                                                                        

---------- --------------------                                                                                                                                                                         

         1 Tom                                                                                                                                                                                          

         2 Mary                                                                                                                                                                                         

         3 Maee                                                                                                                                                                                         

 

已选择 3 行。

 

SQL> rollback to savepoint a;

 

回退已完成。

 

SQL> select * from testsavepoint;

 

       TID TNAME                                                                                                                                                                                        

---------- --------------------                                                                                                                                                                         

         1 Tom                                                                                                                                                                                          

         2 Mary                                                                                                                                                                                         

 

已选择 2 行。

 

SQL> commit;

 

提交完成。

 

SQL> set transaction read only;

 

事务处理集。

 

SQL> select * from testsavepoint;

 

       TID TNAME                                                                                                                                                                                        

---------- --------------------                                                                                                                                                                         

         1 Tom                                                                                                                                                                                          

         2 Mary                                                                                                                                                                                         

 

已选择 2 行。

 

SQL> insert into testsavepoint values(3,'Maee');

insert into testsavepoint values(3,'Maee')

            *

 1 行出现错误: 

ORA-01456: 不能 READ ONLY 事务处理执行插入/删除/更新操作

 

 

SQL> spool off

 

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