数据库学习之四--Join, Left Join, Right Join, Full Join对比

一、Join, Left Join, Right Join, Full Join区别:

  

 二、查询对比

  1. 创建表Persons和Orders,并插入数据:

CREATE TABLE `persons` (
  `ID_P` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `FistName` varchar(32) COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT NULL,
  `LastName` varchar(32) COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT NULL,
  `Age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `City` varchar(32) COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`ID_P`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of persons
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `persons` VALUES ('1', 'Adams', 'John', '21', 'London');
INSERT INTO `persons` VALUES ('2', 'Bush', 'George', '23', 'New York');
INSERT INTO `persons` VALUES ('3', 'Carter', 'Thomas', '26', 'Beijing');

 

CREATE TABLE `orders` (
  `ID_O` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `ID_P` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `OrderNo` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `Price` float DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`ID_O`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of orders
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `orders` VALUES ('1', '3', '11000', '11.2');
INSERT INTO `orders` VALUES ('2', '3', '11001', '10');
INSERT INTO `orders` VALUES ('3', '1', '11022', '10.5');
INSERT INTO `orders` VALUES ('4', '1', '11023', '15');
INSERT INTO `orders` VALUES ('5', '1', '11064', '16.6');

数据表显示如下:

persons:

 

 

Orders:

 

 

  2. Join、Inner Join查询语句:

SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FistName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons
INNER JOIN Orders
ON Persons.Id_P = Orders.Id_P
ORDER BY Persons.LastName

查询结果:

  

 

   3. Left Join查询:  

SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FistName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons
LEFT JOIN Orders
ON Persons.Id_P = Orders.Id_P
ORDER BY Persons.LastName

查询结果:

 

   4. Right Join查询: 

SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FistName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons
RIGHT JOIN Orders
ON Persons.Id_P = Orders.Id_P
ORDER BY Persons.LastName

查询结果:

 

   5. Full Join查询:

SELECT FistName,LastName, Age,OrderNo
FROM Persons
FULL JOIN Orders

查询结果:

 

 

 

    

    

 

      

  

 

    

 

    

  

  

### SQL 连接类型及其使用场景与区别 #### 1. INNER JOIN INNER JOIN 返回两个表中满足连接条件的行。只有当左表和右表中的记录在连接条件上匹配时,这些记录才会出现在结果集中[^2]。 ```sql SELECT e.employee_name, d.department_name FROM employees e INNER JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id; ``` #### 2. LEFT JOIN LEFT JOIN 返回左表中的所有行以及右表中满足连接条件的行。如果右表没有匹配的行,则结果集中对应右表的列将填充为 NULL[^1]。 ```sql SELECT s1.id, s1.uname, s1.age, s2.class_name FROM student s1 LEFT JOIN sclass s2 ON s1.id = s2.id; ``` #### 3. RIGHT JOIN RIGHT JOINLEFT JOIN 的镜像操作。它返回右表中的所有行以及左表中满足连接条件的行。如果左表没有匹配的行,则结果集中对应左表的列将填充为 NULL[^2]。 ```sql SELECT e.employee_name, d.department_name FROM employees e RIGHT JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id; ``` #### 4. FULL JOIN FULL JOIN 返回左表和右表中的所有行。如果某一行在另一个表中没有匹配的行,则结果集中对应另一表的列将填充为 NULL。FULL JOIN 可以看作是 LEFT JOINRIGHT JOIN 的结合[^2]。 ```sql SELECT e.employee_name, d.department_name FROM employees e FULL JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id; ``` #### 使用场景与区别总结 - **INNER JOIN**:适用于只需要获取两个表中满足连接条件的数据的情况。 - **LEFT JOIN**:适用于需要保留左表所有数据,并补充右表匹配数据的情况。 - **RIGHT JOIN**:适用于需要保留右表所有数据,并补充左表匹配数据的情况。 - **FULL JOIN**:适用于需要同时保留左表和右表所有数据的情况。 #### 示例代码 以下是一个综合示例,展示JOIN 的差异: ```sql -- INNER JOIN 示例 SELECT e.employee_name, d.department_name FROM employees e INNER JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id; -- LEFT JOIN 示例 SELECT e.employee_name, d.department_name FROM employees e LEFT JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id; -- RIGHT JOIN 示例 SELECT e.employee_name, d.department_name FROM employees e RIGHT JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id; -- FULL JOIN 示例 SELECT e.employee_name, d.department_name FROM employees e FULL JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id; ```
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