2种现代密码算法的设计与实现——C++

本文将介绍两种现代密码算法并进行代码实现：

1. 使用 C++ 实现2种现代密码算法
2. 明文：I am a student

2种现代密码

1.MD5算法

MD5是输入不定长度信息，输出固定长度128-bits的算法。经过程序流程，生成四个32位数据，最后联合起来成为一个128-bits散列。基本方式为，求余、取余、调整长度、与链接变量进行循环运算。得出结果。

第一步、填充：如果输入信息的长度(bit)对512求余的结果不等于448，就需要填充使得对512求余的结果等于448。填充的方法是填充一个1和n个0。填充完后，信息的长度就为N512+448(bit)；
第二步、记录信息长度：用64位来存储填充前信息长度。这64位加在第一步结果的后面，这样信息长度就变为N512+448+64=(N+1)*512位。
第三步、装入标准的幻数（四个整数）：标准的幻数（物理顺序）是（A=(01234567)16，B=(89ABCDEF)16，C=(FEDCBA98)16，D=(76543210)16）。如果在程序中定义应该是:
（A=0X67452301L，B=0XEFCDAB89L，C=0X98BADCFEL，D=0X10325476L）。
第四步、四轮循环运算：循环的次数是分组的个数（N+1）

代码

MD5.h

#ifndef MD5_h
#define MD5_h

typedef struct
{
   
    unsigned int count[2];
    unsigned int state[4];
    unsigned char buffer[64];
}MD5_CTX;

#define F(x,y,z) ((x & y) | (~x & z))
#define G(x,y,z) ((x & z) | (y & ~z))
#define H(x,y,z) (x^y^z)
#define I(x,y,z) (y ^ (x | ~z))
#define ROTATE_LEFT(x,n) ((x << n) | (x >> (32-n)))
#define FF(a,b,c,d,x,s,ac) \
{
    \
    a += F(b,c,d) + x + ac; \
    a = ROTATE_LEFT(a,s); \
    a += b; \
}
#define GG(a,b,c,d,x,s,ac) \
{
    \
    a += G(b,c,d) + x + ac; \
    a = ROTATE_LEFT(a,s); \
    a += b; \
}
#define HH(a,b,c,d,x,s,ac) \
{
    \
    a += H(b,c,d) + x + ac; \
    a = ROTATE_LEFT(a,s); \
    a += b; \
}
#define II(a,b,c,d,x,s,ac) \
{
    \
    a += I(b,c,d) + x + ac; \
    a = ROTATE_LEFT(a,s); \
    a += b; \
}
void MD5Init(MD5_CTX *context);
void MD5Update(MD5_CTX *context,unsigned char *input,unsigned int inputlen);
void MD5Final(MD5_CTX *context,unsigned char digest[16]);
void MD5Transform(unsigned int state[4],unsigned char block[64]);
void MD5Encode(unsigned char *output,unsigned int *input,unsigned int len);
void MD5Decode(unsigned int *output,unsigned char *input,unsigned int len);

#endif /* MD5_h */

main.cpp

#include <stdio.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include "MD5.h"

unsigned char PADDING[]={
   0x80,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};

void MD5Init(MD5_CTX *context)
{
   
    context->count[0] = 0;
    context->count[1] = 0;
    context->state[0] = 0x67452301;
    context->state[1] = 0xEFCDAB89;
    context->state[2] = 0x98BADCFE;
    context->state[3] = 0x10325476;
}
void MD5Update(MD5_CTX *context,unsigned char *input,unsigned int inputlen)
{
   
    unsigned int i = 0,index = 0,partlen = 0;
    index = (context->count[0] >> 3) & 0x3F;
    partlen = 64 - index;
    context->count[0] += inputlen << 3;
    if(context->count[0] < (inputlen << 3))
        context->count[1]++;
    context->count[1] += inputlen >> 29;
    
    if(inputlen >= partlen)
    {
   
        memcpy(&context->buffer[index],input,partlen);
        MD5Transform(context->state,context->buffer);
        for(i = partlen;i+64 <= inputlen;i+=64)
            MD5Transform(context->state,&input[i]);
        index = 0;
    }
    else
    {
   
        i = 0;
    }
    memcpy(&context->buffer[index],&input[i],inputlen-i);
}
void MD5Final(MD5_CTX *context,unsigned char digest[16])
{
   
    unsigned int index = 0,padlen = 0;
    unsigned char bits[8];
    index = (context->count[0] >> 3) & 0x3F;
    padlen = (index < 56)?(56-index):(120-index);
    MD5Encode(bits,context->count,8);
    MD5Update(context,PADDING,padlen);
    MD5Update(context,bits,8);
    MD5Encode(digest,context->state,16);
}
void MD5Encode(unsigned char *output,unsigned int *input,unsigned int len)
{
   
    unsigned int i = 0,j = 0;
    while(j < len)
    {
   
        output[j] = input[i] & 0xFF;
        output[j+1] = (input[i] >> 8) & 0xFF;
        output[j+2] = (input[i] >> 16) & 0xFF;
        output[j+3] = (input[i] >> 24) & 0xFF;
        i++;
        j+=4;
    }
}
void MD5Decode(unsigned int *output,unsigned char *input,unsigned int len)
{
   
    unsigned int i = 0,j = 0;
    while(j < len)
    {
   
        output[i] = (input[j]) |
        (input[j+1] << 8) |
        (input[j+2] << 16) |
        (input[j+3] << 24);
        i++;
        j+=4;
    }
}
void MD5Transform(unsigned int state[4],unsigned char block[64])
{
   
    unsigned int a = state[0];
    unsigned int b = state[1];
    unsigned int c = state[2];
    unsigned int d = state[3];
    unsigned int x[64];
    MD5Decode(x,block,64);
    FF(a, b, c, d, x[ 0], 7, 0xd76aa478); /* 1 */
    FF(d, a, b, c, x[ 1], 12, 0xe8c7b756); /* 2 */
    FF(c, d, a, b, x[ 2], 17, 0x242070db); /* 3 */
    FF(b, c, d, a, x[ 3], 22, 0xc1bdceee); /* 4 */
    FF(a, b, c, d, x[ 4], 7, 0xf57c0faf); /* 5 */
    FF(d, a, b, c, x[ 5], 12, 0x4787c62a); /* 6 */
    FF(c, d, a, b, x[ 6], 17, 0xa8304613); /* 7 */
    FF(b, c, d, a, x[ 7], 22, 0xfd469501); /* 8 */
    FF(a, b, c, d, x[ 8], 7, 0x698098d8); /* 9 */
    FF(d, a, b, c, x[ 9], 12, 0x8b44f7af); /* 10 */
    FF(c, d, a, b, x[10], 17, 0xffff5bb1); /* 11 */
    FF(b, c, d, a, x[11], 22, 0x895cd7be); /* 12 */
    FF(a, b, c, d, x[12], 7, 0x6b901122); /* 13 */
    FF(d, a, b, c, x[13