传送门
悟: 树上路径相交问题一定和他们之间的LCA的最深的那一两个有关系!!!
题目大意:
给定一棵n个点的树,以及m条路径,每次询问第L条到第R条路径的交集部分的长度(如果一条边同时出现在2条路径上,那么它属于路径的交集)
思路: 首先我们考虑两条路径相交的情况, A - > B, C - > D, 很明显这两条相交路径为LCA(A, C), LCA(A, D), LCA(B, C), LCA(B, D), 其中最深的两个点之间的路径, 所以路径之间就具有合并性, 询问又是问区间, 很明显就要用线段树, 每个叶子结点代表一条路径, 然后pushup的时候就像上面所说的这样做, 然后即可完成.
AC Code
const int maxn = 5e5 + 5;
int up[maxn][23];
int deep[maxn], dis[maxn];
int cnt, head[maxn];
int n, m, q;
struct node {
int to, next, w;
}e[maxn<<1];
void init() {
Fill(head,-1); Fill(dis,0);
Fill(up,0); Fill(deep,0);
cnt = 0;
}
void add(int u, int v, int w) {
e[cnt] = node{v, head[u], w};
head[u] = cnt++;
}
void dfs(int u,int fa,int d) {
deep[u] = d + 1;
for(int i = 1 ; i < 20 ; i ++) {
up[u][i] = up[up[u][i-1]][i-1];
}
for(int i = head[u] ; ~i ; i = e[i].next) {
int to = e[i].to;
if(to == fa) continue;
dis[to] = dis[u] + e[i].w;
up[to][0] = u;
dfs(to, u, d+1);
}
}
int LCA_BZ(int u,int v) {
int mx = 0;
if(deep[u] < deep[v]) swap(u,v);
int k = deep[u] - deep[v];
for(int i = 19 ; i >= 0 ; i --) {
if((1<<i) & k) {
u = up[u][i];
}
}
if(u == v) return u;
for(int i = 19 ; i >= 0 ; i --) {
if(up[u][i] != up[v][i]){
u = up[u][i];
v = up[v][i];
}
}
return up[u][0];
}
bool cmp(int x, int y) {
return deep[x] > deep[y];
}
pii Un(pii x, pii y) {
int a[5];
a[1] = LCA_BZ(x.fi, y.fi); a[2] = LCA_BZ(x.fi, y.se);
a[3] = LCA_BZ(x.se, y.fi); a[4] = LCA_BZ(x.se, y.se);
sort(a+1, a+5, cmp);
return {a[1], a[2]};
}
struct Tree {
int tl, tr;
pii path;
}tree[maxn<<2];
pii a[maxn];
void pushup(int i) {
tree[i].path = Un(tree[i<<1].path, tree[i<<1|1].path);
}
void build(int id, int l, int r) {
tree[id].tl = l; tree[id].tr = r;
if (l == r) {
tree[id].path = a[l];
return ;
}
int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
build(id<<1, l, mid); build(id<<1|1, mid+1, r);
pushup(id);
}
pii query(int id, int ql, int qr) {
int l = tree[id].tl, r = tree[id].tr;
if (ql <= l && r <= qr) return tree[id].path;
int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
if (qr <= mid) return query(id<<1, ql, qr);
else if (ql > mid) return query(id<<1|1, ql, qr);
else {
return Un(query(id<<1, ql, mid), query(id<<1|1, mid+1, qr));
}
}
void solve() {
scanf("%d",&n); init();
for(int i = 1 ; i < n ; i ++) {
int u, v, w;
scanf("%d%d%d", &u, &v, &w);
add(u, v, w); add(v, u, w);
}
dfs(1, -1, 0); scanf("%d", &m);
for (int i = 1 ; i <= m ; i ++) scanf("%d%d", &a[i].fi, &a[i].se);
build(1, 1, m);
scanf("%d", &q);
while(q--) {
int l, r;
scanf("%d%d", &l, &r);
pii t = query(1, l, r);
int res = dis[t.fi] + dis[t.se] - 2 * dis[LCA_BZ(t.fi, t.se)];
printf("%d\n", res);
}
}