Spring学习（1）—— IOC容器-Bean管理（xml方式）创建对象和注入属性

一. 添加Spring依赖

在pom.xml中添加Spring依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.19</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.19</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.19</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.19</version>
        </dependency>

二. 创建JavaBean对象

创建一个pojo目录（该目录用于存放所有JavaBean），然后在pojo目录下创建一个User类

package pojo;

public class User {
    private String userName;

    private String password;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String userName, String password) {
        this.userName = userName;
        this.password = password;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "userName='" + userName + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

三. 创建配置文件

在resources目录下创建一个JavaBean所对应的配置文件。

1.  在配置文件里创建JavaBean所对应的对象

 <bean id=" " class=" "></bean>：id属性用于设置JavaBean的唯一标识，class属性表示要创建对象的全类名

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!-- 创建对象 -->
    <bean id="user" class="pojo.User"></bean>
</beans>

2. 在配置文件里注入JavaBean中的属性

①使用set方法；

在bean标签内使用<property name=" " value=" "></property>，name表示JavaBean中的属性名，value表示给该属性赋的值

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!-- 创建对象 -->
    <bean id="user" class="pojo.User">
        <!-- 注入属性: ①set方法 -->
        <property name="userName" value="Tom"></property>
        <property name="password" value="123456"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

测试： 

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import pojo.User;

public class testSpring {
    @Test
    public void testUser() {
        //加载配置文件
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("User.xml");

        //获取配置文件创建的对象
        User user = context.getBean("user",User.class);

        System.out.println(user.toString());  //User{userName='Tom', password='123456'}
    }
}

 ②使用有参构造器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!-- 创建对象 -->
    <bean id="user" class="pojo.User">
        <!-- 注入属性: ②有参构造器 -->
        <constructor-arg name="userName" value="Tom"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg name="password" value="123456"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
</beans>

测试 

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import pojo.User;

public class testSpring {
    @Test
    public void testUser() {
        //加载配置文件
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("User.xml");

        //获取配置文件创建的对象
        User user = context.getBean("user",User.class);

        System.out.println(user.toString());  //User{userName='Tom', password='123456'}
    }
}