模拟实现日期类

日期类好久没写了，重温一下以前的知识。

写日期类需要注意的有：

1、日期减日期的计算
2、关于输出输入重载的友元函数声明
3、构造函数的条件判断
4、拷贝构造函数的自我赋值判断

实现代码如下：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Date
{
public:
    //4个默认的成员函数
    //构造、拷贝构造、赋值语句重载、析构函数
    //构造函数
    Date(int  year = 1900, int month = 1, int  day = 1)
        :_year(year)
        , _month(month)
        , _day(day)
    {
        if ((year >= 1900)
            && ((month >= 1) && (month <= 12))
            && (day >= 1 && day <= GetMonthDay(year, month)))
        {
            _year = year;
            _month = month;
            _day = day;
        }
        else
        {
            cout << "日期非法！" << endl;
            _year = 1900;
            _month = 1;
            _day = 1;
        }
    }
    //拷贝构造函数
    Date(const Date&d)
    {
        _year = d._year;
        _month = d._month;
        _day = d._day;
    }
    //赋值语句重载
    //此处需要主要自我赋值
    Date& operator=(const Date& d)
    {
        if (this != &d)
        {
            _year = d._year;
            _month = d._month;
            _day = d._day;
        }
        return *this;
    }
    //析构函数
    ~Date()
    {
        cout << "~Date!" << endl;
    }
public:
    //日期比较
    bool operator==(const Date& d)
    {
        return ((_day == d._day)
            && (_year == d._year)
            && (_month == d._month));
    }
    bool operator!=(const Date& d)
    {
        return (!(*this == d));
    }
    bool operator>(const Date& d)
    {
        return (_year >d._year)  
            || (_year == d._year) && (_month > d._month)
            || (_year == d._year) && (_month == d._month) && (_day > d._day);
    }
    bool operator<(const Date& d)
    {
        return (_year <d._year)
            || (_year == d._year) && (_month < d._month)
            || (_year == d._year) && (_month == d._month) && (_day < d._day);;
    }
    bool operator>=(const Date& d)
    {
        return (*this == d) || (*this > d);
    }
    bool operator<=(const Date& d)
    {
        return (*this == d) || (*this < d);
    }
public:
    Date& operator++()
    {
        _day++;
        if (_day > GetMonthDay(_year, _month))
        {
            _day = GetMonthDay(_year, _month) - _day;
            _month++;
            if (_month > 12)
            {
                _year++;
                _month = 1;
            }
        }
        return *this;
    }
    Date operator++(int)
    {
        Date temp(*this);
        _day++;
        if (_day > GetMonthDay(_year, _month))
        {
            _day = GetMonthDay(_year, _month) - _day;
            _month++;
            if (_month > 12)
            {
                _year++;
                _month = 1;
            }
        }
        return temp;
    }
    Date& operator--()
    {
        _day--;
        if (_day < 0)
        {
            _month--;
            if (_month < 1)
            {
                _year--;
                _month = 12;
            }
            _day += GetMonthDay(_year, _month);
        }
        return *this;
    }
    Date operator--(int)
    {
        Date temp(*this);
        _day--;
        if (_day < 0)
        {
            _month--;
            if (_month < 1)
            {
                _year--;
                _month = 12;
            }
            _day += GetMonthDay(_year, _month);
        }
        return temp;
    }

    //日期+天数
    Date operator+(int day)
    {
        Date temp(*this);
        if (day < 0)
            return temp - (-day);
        temp._day += day;
        while (temp._day > GetMonthDay(temp._year, temp._month))
        {
            temp._day -= GetMonthDay(temp._year, temp._month);
            if (temp._month == 12)
            {
                temp._year++;
                temp._month = 1;
            }
            else
                temp._month++;
        }
        return temp;
    }
    //日期-天数
    Date operator-(int day)
    {
        Date temp(*this);
        if (day < 0)
            return temp + (-day);
        temp._day -= day;
        while (temp._day <= 0)
        {
            if (temp._month == 1)
            {
                temp._year--;
                temp._month = 12;
            }
            else
                --temp._month;
            temp, _day += GetMonthDay(temp._year, temp._month);
        }
        return  temp;
    }
    //日期-日期
    int operator-(const Date& d)
    {
        Date Max(*this);
        Date Min(d);
        int flag = 1;
        if (*this < d)
        {
            Max = d;
            Min = *this;
            flag = -1;
        }
        int day = 0;
        while (Max != Min)
        {
            Max--;
            day++;
        }
        return day*flag;
    }
    //注意此处的友元
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Date& d);    //输出  
    friend istream& operator >> (istream& is, Date& d);         //输入  
    int GetMonthDay(int year, int month)
    {
        int a[] = { 0,31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };
        int day;
        if ((!(year % 400 == 0) || ((year % 100 != 0) && (year % 4 == 0))) && month == 2)
        {
            day = a[month] - 1;
        }
        day = a[month];
        return day;
    }
private:
    int _year;//年
    int _month;//月
    int _day;//日


};
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Date& d)
{
    os << d._year << "-" << d._month << "-" << d._day << endl;
    return os;
}

istream& operator >> (istream& is, Date& d)
{
    cout << "输入日期：";
    is >> d._year;
    is >> d._month;
    is >> d._day;

    return is;
}
int main()
{
    Date d1(2017, 10, 25);
    Date  d2(2017, 12, 1);
    cout << "d1为：" << d1;
    cout << "d2为：" << d2;
    int ret = d2 - d1;
    cout << "两个日期相减为：" << ret << endl;
    Date  d3 = d2 + 1;
    cout << "d3为：" << d3;
    Date d4(d2);
    cout << "d4为：" << d4;
    Date d5 = d1 - 1;
    cout << "d5为：" << d5;
    Date d6 = d1++;
    cout << "d6为：" << d6;
    Date d7;
    cin >> d7;
    cout << d7;
    Date d(2017, 3, 15);
    d = d + 20;
    cout << "d为：" << d << endl;
    return 0;
}