linux命令apt

Advanced Packaging Tool（apt）是Linux下的一款安装包管理工具。

例：安装python

sudo apt-get install python3-pip

然后终端会显示

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  dh-python libexpat1-dev libpython3-dev libpython3.6-dev python-pip-whl
  python3-dev python3-distutils python3-lib2to3 python3-setuptools
  python3-wheel python3.6-dev
Suggested packages:
  python-setuptools-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  dh-python libexpat1-dev libpython3-dev libpython3.6-dev python-pip-whl
  python3-dev python3-distutils python3-lib2to3 python3-pip python3-setuptools
  python3-wheel python3.6-dev
0 upgraded, 12 newly installed, 0 to remove and 13 not upgraded.
Need to get 47.8 MB of archives.
After this operation, 84.4 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 python3-lib2to3 all 3.6.5-3 [76.6 kB]
Get:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 python3-distutils all 3.6.5-3 [141 kB]
Get:3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 dh-python all 3.20180325ubuntu2 [89.2 kB]
Get:4 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libexpat1-dev amd64 2.2.5-3 [122 kB]
Get:5 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libpython3.6-dev amd64 3.6.6-1~18.04 [44.8 MB]
Get:6 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libpython3-dev amd64 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 [7,300 B]
Get:7 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 python-pip-whl all 9.0.1-2.3~ubuntu1 [1,652 kB]
Get:8 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 python3.6-dev amd64 3.6.6-1~18.04 [508 kB]
Get:9 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 python3-dev amd64 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 [1,292 B]
Get:10 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 python3-pip all 9.0.1-2.3~ubuntu1 [114 kB]
Get:11 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 python3-setuptools all 39.0.1-2 [248 kB]
Get:12 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 python3-wheel all 0.30.0-0.2 [36.5 kB]
Fetched 47.8 MB in 2min 55s (273 kB/s)                                         
Selecting previously unselected package python3-lib2to3.
(Reading database ... 184519 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../00-python3-lib2to3_3.6.5-3_all.deb ...
Unpacking python3-lib2to3 (3.6.5-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python3-distutils.
Preparing to unpack .../01-python3-distutils_3.6.5-3_all.deb ...
Unpacking python3-distutils (3.6.5-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package dh-python.
Preparing to unpack .../02-dh-python_3.20180325ubuntu2_all.deb ...
Unpacking dh-python (3.20180325ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libexpat1-dev:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../03-libexpat1-dev_2.2.5-3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libexpat1-dev:amd64 (2.2.5-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libpython3.6-dev:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../04-libpython3.6-dev_3.6.6-1~18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpython3.6-dev:amd64 (3.6.6-1~18.04) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libpython3-dev:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../05-libpython3-dev_3.6.5-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpython3-dev:amd64 (3.6.5-3ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python-pip-whl.
Preparing to unpack .../06-python-pip-whl_9.0.1-2.3~ubuntu1_all.deb ...
Unpacking python-pip-whl (9.0.1-2.3~ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python3.6-dev.
Preparing to unpack .../07-python3.6-dev_3.6.6-1~18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python3.6-dev (3.6.6-1~18.04) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python3-dev.
Preparing to unpack .../08-python3-dev_3.6.5-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python3-dev (3.6.5-3ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python3-pip.
Preparing to unpack .../09-python3-pip_9.0.1-2.3~ubuntu1_all.deb ...
Unpacking python3-pip (9.0.1-2.3~ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python3-setuptools.
Preparing to unpack .../10-python3-setuptools_39.0.1-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking python3-setuptools (39.0.1-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python3-wheel.
Preparing to unpack .../11-python3-wheel_0.30.0-0.2_all.deb ...
Unpacking python3-wheel (0.30.0-0.2) ...
Setting up python-pip-whl (9.0.1-2.3~ubuntu1) ...
Setting up python3-wheel (0.30.0-0.2) ...
Setting up libexpat1-dev:amd64 (2.2.5-3) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up python3-lib2to3 (3.6.5-3) ...
Setting up python3-distutils (3.6.5-3) ...
Setting up libpython3.6-dev:amd64 (3.6.6-1~18.04) ...
Setting up python3-pip (9.0.1-2.3~ubuntu1) ...
Setting up python3-setuptools (39.0.1-2) ...
Setting up python3.6-dev (3.6.6-1~18.04) ...
Setting up dh-python (3.20180325ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libpython3-dev:amd64 (3.6.5-3ubuntu1) ...
Setting up python3-dev (3.6.5-3ubuntu1) ...

不难看出原理是首先查看依赖包，，然后自动在url网址下载安装包。再后 Fetch - unpacking - setting up