lock 语句（C# 参考）

lock 关键字将语句块标记为临界区，方法是获取给定对象的互斥锁，执行语句，然后释放该锁。此语句的形式如下：

Object thisLock = new Object();
lock (thisLock)
{
    // Critical code section
}

有关更多信息，请参见 线程同步（C# 编程指南）。

lock 确保当一个线程位于代码的临界区时，另一个线程不进入临界区。如果其他线程试图进入锁定的代码，则它将一直等待（即被阻止），直到该对象被释放。

线程处理（C# 编程指南） 这节讨论了线程处理。

lock 调用块开始位置的 Enter 和块结束位置的 Exit。

通常，应避免锁定 public 类型，否则实例将超出代码的控制范围。常见的结构 lock (this)、lock (typeof (MyType)) 和 lock ("myLock") 违反此准则：

• 如果实例可以被公共访问，将出现 lock (this) 问题。

• 如果 MyType 可以被公共访问，将出现 lock (typeof (MyType)) 问题。

• 由于进程中使用同一字符串的任何其他代码将共享同一个锁，所以出现 lock(“myLock”) 问题。

最佳做法是定义 private 对象来锁定, 或 private static 对象变量来保护所有实例所共有的数据。

Object thisLock = new Object();
lock (thisLock)
{
    // Critical code section
}

有关更多信息，请参见 线程同步（C# 编程指南）。

下例显示的是在 C# 中使用线程的简单示例。

// statements_lock.cs
using System;
using System.Threading;

class ThreadTest
{
    public void RunMe()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("RunMe called");
    }

    static void Main()
    {
        ThreadTest b = new ThreadTest();
        Thread t = new Thread(b.RunMe);
        t.Start();
    }
}

输出

RunMe called

下例使用线程和 lock。只要 lock 语句存在，语句块就是临界区并且 balance 永远不会是负数。

Object thisLock = new Object();
lock (thisLock)
{
    // Critical code section
}

有关更多信息，请参见 线程同步（C# 编程指南）。

// statements_lock2.csusing System;using System.Threading;class Account{ private Object thisLock = new Object(); int balance; Random r = new Random(); public Account(int initial) { balance = initial; } int Withdraw(int amount) { // This condition will never be true unless the lock statement // is commented out: if (balance < 0) { throw new Exception("Negative Balance"); } // Comment out the next line to see the effect of leaving out // the lock keyword: lock(thisLock) { if (balance >= amount) { Console.WriteLine("Balance before Withdrawal : " + balance); Console.WriteLine("Amount to Withdraw : -" + amount); balance = balance - amount; Console.WriteLine("Balance after Withdrawal : " + balance); return amount; } else { return 0; // transaction rejected } } } public void DoTransactions() { for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { Withdraw(r.Next(1, 100)); } }}class Test{ static void Main() { Thread[] threads = new Thread[10]; Account acc = new Account(1000); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(acc.DoTransactions)); threads[i] = t; } for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { threads[i].Start(); } }}

Object thisLock = new Object();
lock (thisLock)
{
    // Critical code section
}

有关更多信息，请参见 线程同步（C# 编程指南）。

// statements_lock2.csusing System;using System.Threading;class Account{ private Object thisLock = new Object(); int balance; Random r = new Random(); public Account(int initial) { balance = initial; } int Withdraw(int amount) { // This condition will never be true unless the lock statement // is commented out: if (balance < 0) { throw new Exception("Negative Balance"); } // Comment out the next line to see the effect of leaving out // the lock keyword: lock(thisLock) { if (balance >= amount) { Console.WriteLine("Balance before Withdrawal : " + balance); Console.WriteLine("Amount to Withdraw : -" + amount); balance = balance - amount; Console.WriteLine("Balance after Withdrawal : " + balance); return amount; } else { return 0; // transaction rejected } } } public void DoTransactions() { for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { Withdraw(r.Next(1, 100)); } }}class Test{ static void Main() { Thread[] threads = new Thread[10]; Account acc = new Account(1000); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(acc.DoTransactions)); threads[i] = t; } for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { threads[i].Start(); } }}