Java Object.hashCode()返回的是对象内存地址?

Java Object.hashCode()返回的是对象内存地址?

阅读 2060
收藏 29
2017-07-14
原文链接: www.jianshu.com

基于OpenJDK 8

一直以为Java Object.hashCode()的结果就是通过对象的内存地址做相关运算得到的,但是无意在网上看到有相应的意见争论,故抽时间从源码层面验证了剖析了hashCode的默认计算方法。

先说结论:OpenJDK8 默认hashCode的计算方法是通过和当前线程有关的一个随机数+三个确定值,运用Marsaglia's xorshift scheme随机数算法得到的一个随机数。和对象内存地址无关。

下面通过查找和分析OpenJDK8源码实现来一步步分析。

1. 查找java.lang.Object.hashCode()源码

public native int hashCode();

2. 导出Object的JNI头文件

切换到Object.class文件所在目录,执行 javah -jni java.lang.Object,得到java_lang_Object.h文件,文件内容如下:

/* DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - it is machine generated */
#include <jni.h>
/* Header for class java_lang_Object */

#ifndef _Included_java_lang_Object
#define _Included_java_lang_Object
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern “C” {
#endif
/*

  • Class: java_lang_Object
  • Method: registerNatives
  • Signature: ()V
    /
    JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_java_lang_Object_registerNatives
    (JNIEnv
    , jclass);

    /*
  • Class: java_lang_Object
  • Method: getClass
  • Signature: ()Ljava/lang/Class;
    /
    JNIEXPORT jclass JNICALL Java_java_lang_Object_getClass
    (JNIEnv
    , jobject);

    /*
  • Class: java_lang_Object
  • Method: hashCode
  • Signature: ()I
    /
    JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL Java_java_lang_Object_hashCode
    (JNIEnv
    , jobject);

    /*
  • Class: java_lang_Object
  • Method: clone
  • Signature: ()Ljava/lang/Object;
    /
    JNIEXPORT jobject JNICALL Java_java_lang_Object_clone
    (JNIEnv
    , jobject);

    /*
  • Class: java_lang_Object
  • Method: notify
  • Signature: ()V
    /
    JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_java_lang_Object_notify
    (JNIEnv
    , jobject);

    /*
  • Class: java_lang_Object
  • Method: notifyAll
  • Signature: ()V
    /
    JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_java_lang_Object_notifyAll
    (JNIEnv
    , jobject);

    /*
  • Class: java_lang_Object
  • Method: wait
  • Signature: (J)V
    /
    JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_java_lang_Object_wait
    (JNIEnv
    , jobject, jlong);

    #ifdef __cplusplus
    }
    #endif
    #endif

    3 . 查看Object的native方法实现


    OpenJDK源码链接:hg.openjdk.java.net/jdk8u/jdk8u… ,查看Object.c文件,可以看到hashCode()的方法被注册成由JVM_IHashCode方法指针来处理。

    static JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
    {“hashCode”, “()I”, (void *)&JVM_IHashCode},//hashcode的方法指针JVM_IHashCode
    {“wait”, “(J)V”, (void *)&JVM_MonitorWait},
    {“notify”, “()V”, (void *)&JVM_MonitorNotify},
    {“notifyAll”, “()V”, (void *)&JVM_MonitorNotifyAll},
    {“clone”, “()Ljava/lang/Object;”, (void )&JVM_Clone},
    };

    而JVM_IHashCode方法指针在 openjdk\hotspot\src\share\vm\prims\jvm.cpp中定义为:

    JVM_ENTRY(jint, JVM_IHashCode(JNIEnv env, jobject handle))
    JVMWrapper(“JVM_IHashCode”);
    // as implemented in the classic virtual machine; return 0 if object is NULL
    return handle == NULL ? 0 : ObjectSynchronizer::FastHashCode (THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(handle)) ;
    JVM_END

    从而得知,真正计算获得hashCode的值是ObjectSynchronizer::FastHashCode


    4 . ObjectSynchronizer::fashHashCode方法的实现


    openjdk\hotspot\src\share\vm\runtime\synchronizer.cpp 找到其实现方法。

    intptr_t ObjectSynchronizer::FastHashCode (Thread * Self, oop obj) {
    if (UseBiasedLocking) {
    // NOTE: many places throughout the JVM do not expect a safepoint
    // to be taken here, in particular most operations on perm gen
    // objects. However, we only ever bias Java instances and all of
    // the call sites of identity_hash that might revoke biases have
    // been checked to make sure they can handle a safepoint. The
    // added check of the bias pattern is to avoid useless calls to
    // thread-local storage.
    if (obj->mark()->has_bias_pattern()) {
    // Box and unbox the raw reference just in case we cause a STW safepoint.
    Handle hobj (Self, obj) ;
    // Relaxing assertion for bug 6320749.
    assert (Universe::verify_in_progress() ||
    !SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(),
    “biases should not be seen by VM thread here”);
    BiasedLocking::revoke_and_rebias(hobj, false, JavaThread::current());
    obj = hobj() ;
    assert(!obj->mark()->has_bias_pattern(), “biases should be revoked by now”);
    }
    }

// hashCode() is a heap mutator …
// Relaxing assertion for bug 6320749.
assert (Universe::verify_in_progress() ||
!SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), “invariant”) ;
assert (Universe::verify_in_progress() ||
Self->is_Java_thread() , “invariant”) ;
assert (Universe::verify_in_progress() ||
((JavaThread *)Self)->thread_state() != _thread_blocked, “invariant”) ;

ObjectMonitor* monitor = NULL;
markOop temp, test;
intptr_t hash;
markOop mark = ReadStableMark (obj);

// object should remain ineligible for biased locking
assert (!mark->has_bias_pattern(), “invariant”) ;

if (mark->is_neutral()) {
hash = mark->hash(); // this is a normal header
if (hash) { // if it has hash, just return it
return hash;
}
hash = get_next_hash(Self, obj); // allocate a new hash code
temp = mark->copy_set_hash(hash); // merge the hash code into header
// use (machine word version) atomic operation to install the hash
test = (markOop) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(temp, obj->mark_addr(), mark);
if (test == mark) {
return hash;
}
// If atomic operation failed, we must inflate the header
// into heavy weight monitor. We could add more code here
// for fast path, but it does not worth the complexity.
} else if (mark->has_monitor()) {
monitor = mark->monitor();
temp = monitor->header();
assert (temp->is_neutral(), “invariant”) ;
hash = temp->hash();
if (hash) {
return hash;
}
// Skip to the following code to reduce code size
} else if (Self->is_lock_owned((address)mark->locker())) {
temp = mark->displaced_mark_helper(); // this is a lightweight monitor owned
assert (temp->is_neutral(), “invariant”) ;
hash = temp->hash(); // by current thread, check if the displaced
if (hash) { // header contains hash code
return hash;
}
// WARNING:
// The displaced header is strictly immutable.
// It can NOT be changed in ANY cases. So we have
// to inflate the header into heavyweight monitor
// even the current thread owns the lock. The reason
// is the BasicLock (stack slot) will be asynchronously
// read by other threads during the inflate() function.
// Any change to stack may not propagate to other threads
// correctly.
}

// Inflate the monitor to set hash code
monitor = ObjectSynchronizer::inflate(Self, obj);
// Load displaced header and check it has hash code
mark = monitor->header();
assert (mark->is_neutral(), “invariant”) ;
hash = mark->hash();
if (hash == 0) {
hash = get_next_hash(Self, obj);
temp = mark->copy_set_hash(hash); // merge hash code into header
assert (temp->is_neutral(), “invariant”) ;
test = (markOop) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(temp, monitor, mark);
if (test != mark) {
// The only update to the header in the monitor (outside GC)
// is install the hash code. If someone add new usage of
// displaced header, please update this code
hash = test->hash();
assert (test->is_neutral(), “invariant”) ;
assert (hash != 0, “Trivial unexpected object/monitor header usage.”);
}
}
// We finally get the hash
return hash;
}

该方法中

// Load displaced header and check it has hash code
mark = monitor->header();
assert (mark->is_neutral(), “invariant”) ;
hash = mark->hash();
if (hash == 0) {
hash = get_next_hash(Self, obj);

}

对hash值真正进行了计算,查看get_next_hash方法源码hg.openjdk.java.net/jdk8u/jdk8u…

static inline intptr_t get_next_hash(Thread * Self, oop obj) {
intptr_t value = 0 ;
if (hashCode == 0) {
// This form uses an unguarded global Park-Miller RNG,
// so it’s possible for two threads to race and generate the same RNG.
// On MP system we’ll have lots of RW access to a global, so the
// mechanism induces lots of coherency traffic.
value = os::random() ;
} else
if (hashCode == 1) {
// This variation has the property of being stable (idempotent)
// between STW operations. This can be useful in some of the 1-0
// synchronization schemes.
intptr_t addrBits = cast_from_oop<intptr_t>(obj) >> 3 ;
value = addrBits ^ (addrBits >> 5) ^ GVars.stwRandom ;
} else
if (hashCode == 2) {
value = 1 ; // for sensitivity testing
} else
if (hashCode == 3) {
value = ++GVars.hcSequence ;
} else
if (hashCode == 4) {
value = cast_from_oop<intptr_t>(obj) ;
} else {
// Marsaglia’s xor-shift scheme with thread-specific state
// This is probably the best overall implementation – we’ll
// likely make this the default in future releases.
unsigned t = Self->_hashStateX ;
t ^= (t << 11) ;
Self->_hashStateX = Self->_hashStateY ;
Self->_hashStateY = Self->_hashStateZ ;
Self->_hashStateZ = Self->_hashStateW ;
unsigned v = Self->_hashStateW ;
v = (v ^ (v >> 19)) ^ (t ^ (t >> 8)) ;
Self->_hashStateW = v ;
value = v ;
}

value &= markOopDesc::hash_mask;
if (value == 0) value = 0xBAD ;
assert (value != markOopDesc::no_hash, “invariant”) ;
TEVENT (hashCode: GENERATE) ;
return value;
}

对于OpenJDK8版本,其默认配置hg.openjdk.java.net/jdk8u/jdk8u… 为:

 product(intx, hashCode, 5,                                                </span>
“(Unstable) select hashCode generation algorithm”) </span>

其对应的hashCode计算方案为:

    // Marsaglia’s xor-shift scheme with thread-specific state
// This is probably the best overall implementation – we’ll
// likely make this the default in future releases.
unsigned t = Self->_hashStateX ;
t ^= (t << 11) ;
Self->_hashStateX = Self->_hashStateY ;
Self->_hashStateY = Self->_hashStateZ ;
Self->_hashStateZ = Self->_hashStateW ;
unsigned v = Self->_hashStateW ;
v = (v ^ (v >> 19)) ^ (t ^ (t >> 8)) ;
Self->_hashStateW = v ;
value = v ;

其中Thread->_hashStateX, Thread->_hashStateY, Thread->_hashStateZ, Thread->_hashStateW在hg.openjdk.java.net/jdk8u/jdk8u… 有定义:

   // thread-specific hashCode stream generator state - Marsaglia shift-xor form
_hashStateX = os::random() ;
_hashStateY = 842502087 ;
_hashStateZ = 0x8767 ; // (int)(3579807591LL & 0xffff) ;
_hashStateW = 273326509 ;

所以,JDK8 的默认hashCode的计算方法是通过和当前线程有关的一个随机数+三个确定值,运用Marsaglia’s xorshift scheme随机数算法得到的一个随机数。对xorshift算法有兴趣可以参考原论文:www.jstatsoft.org/article/vie…
xorshift是由George Marsaglia发现的一类伪随机数生成器,其通过移位和与或计算,能够在计算机上以极快的速度生成伪随机数序列。其算法的基本实现如下:

unsigned long xor128(){
static unsigned long x=123456789,y=362436069,z=521288629,w=88675123;
unsigned long t;
t=(xˆ(x<<11));x=y;y=z;z=w; return( w=(wˆ(w>>19))ˆ(tˆ(t>>8)) );

这就和上面计算hashCode的OpenJDK代码对应了起来。


5 . 其他几类hashCode计算方案:


if (hashCode == 0) {
// This form uses an unguarded global Park-Miller RNG,
// so it’s possible for two threads to race and generate the same RNG.
// On MP system we’ll have lots of RW access to a global, so the
// mechanism induces lots of coherency traffic.
value = os::random() ;
}


  • hashCode == 1
    此类方案将对象的内存地址,做移位运算后与一个随机数进行异或得到结果

if (hashCode == 1) {
// This variation has the property of being stable (idempotent)
// between STW operations. This can be useful in some of the 1-0
// synchronization schemes.
intptr_t addrBits = cast_from_oop<intptr_t>(obj) >> 3 ;
value = addrBits ^ (addrBits >> 5) ^ GVars.stwRandom ;
}


  • hashCode == 2
    此类方案返回固定的1

if (hashCode == 2) {
value = 1 ; // for sensitivity testing
}


  • hashCode == 3
    此类方案返回一个自增序列的当前值

if (hashCode == 3) {
value = ++GVars.hcSequence ;
}


  • hashCode == 4
    此类方案返回当前对象的内存地址

if (hashCode == 4) {
value = cast_from_oop<intptr_t>(obj) ;
}

可以通过在JVM启动参数中添加-XX:hashCode=4,改变默认的hashCode计算方式。



参考资料:
srvaroa.github.io/jvm/java/op…
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xorshi…
www.cnblogs.com/mengyou0304…
stackoverflow.com/questions/2…
hllvm.group.iteye.com/group/topic…



  • 1
    点赞
  • 3
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 4
    评论

“相关推荐”对你有帮助么?

  • 非常没帮助
  • 没帮助
  • 一般
  • 有帮助
  • 非常有帮助
提交
评论 4
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值