【Python】plt.savefig()保存图片不完整,x轴标签被截断

今天在用Python的plt.savefig()函数保存图片到本地时,发现保存下来的图片不完整,x轴标签被截断了。经过一番搜索,找到了解决方法:
加上参数bbox_inches = 'tight'即可:

plt.savefig(r"figure.png",bbox_inches = 'tight')
``` import pandas as pd import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import seaborn as sns from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split, GridSearchCV from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler from sklearn.feature_selection import SelectKBest, f_classif from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score, classification_report, roc_curve, auc, confusion_matrix import statsmodels.api as sm from sklearn.metrics import precision_score, roc_curve plt.style.use('ggplot') # 读取数据 file_path = r'C:\Users\29930\Desktop\插补数据.csv' data = pd.read_csv(file_path,encoding='GBK') data['性别'] = data['性别'].map({'男': 0, '女': 1}) # 编码性别列 arr = data.to_numpy() # 转换为NumPy数组 # 查看前几行数据 print(data.head()) # 检查是否有缺失值 print(data.isnull().sum()) # 填充缺失值(如果有的话) data.ffill(inplace=True) # 分离特征和目标变量 X = data.drop(columns=['慢阻肺']) # 假设第一列为COPD标签 y = data['慢阻肺'] # 标准化数值型特征 scaler = StandardScaler() X_scaled = scaler.fit_transform(X) # 将标准化后的数据转回DataFrame格式以便后续操作 X_scaled_df = pd.DataFrame(X_scaled, columns=X.columns) # 使用SelectKBest进行单变量选择 selector = SelectKBest(score_func=f_classif, k='all') # 先部选出来查看得分情况 fit = selector.fit(X_scaled_df, y) # 打印每个特征的重要性评分 feature_scores = pd.DataFrame(list(zip(X_scaled_df.columns, fit.scores_)), columns=['Feature','Score']) feature_scores.sort_values(by='Score', ascending=False, inplace=True) print(feature_scores) # 绘制特征重要性图 plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6)) sns.barplot(x="Score", y="Feature", data=feature_scores) plt.title('Feature Importance Scores') plt.show() # 选择最重要的几个特征 selected_features = feature_scores[feature_scores.Score >= feature_scores.Score.quantile(0.75)].Feature.tolist() # 选取前75%分位数以上的特征 X_selected = X_scaled_df[selected_features] # 划分训练集和测试集 X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X_selected, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=42) # 定义逻辑回归模型 logreg = LogisticRegression(solver='liblinear') # 超参数调优 - 这里我们只对正则化强度C做网格搜索 param_grid = {'C': [0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100]} grid_search = GridSearchCV(logreg, param_grid, cv=5, scoring='accuracy') grid_search.fit(X_train, y_train) # 输出最佳参数组合及对应的成绩 best_logreg = grid_search.best_estimator_ print("Best parameters:", grid_search.best_params_) print("Best CV Score:", grid_search.best_score_) # 在测试集上应用最优模型 y_pred = best_logreg.predict(X_test) # 计算性能指标 acc = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred) report = classification_report(y_test, y_pred) conf_mat = confusion_matrix(y_test, y_pred) print(f"Accuracy: {acc:.4f}") print(report) # 绘制混淆矩阵热力图 plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6)) sns.heatmap(conf_mat, annot=True, fmt='d', cmap='Blues') plt.xlabel('Predicted Label') plt.ylabel('True Label') plt.title('Confusion Matrix Heatmap') plt.show() # ROC曲线 fpr, tpr, _ = roc_curve(y_test, best_logreg.decision_function(X_test)) roc_auc = auc(fpr, tpr) plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6)) plt.plot(fpr, tpr, color='darkorange', lw=2, label=f'ROC Curve (area = {roc_auc:.2f})') plt.plot([0, 1], [0, 1], color='navy', lw=2, linestyle='--') plt.xlim([0.0, 1.0]) plt.ylim([0.0, 1.05]) plt.xlabel('False Positive Rate') plt.ylabel('True Positive Rate') plt.title('Receiver Operating Characteristic') plt.legend(loc="lower right") plt.show() # 添加常数项 X_const = sm.add_constant(X_selected) # 构建OLS线性回归模型(用于展示线性关系) model = sm.Logit(y, X_const).fit() print(model.summary()) # 获取最终模型方程 coefs = list(best_logreg.coef_[0]) + [best_logreg.intercept_[0]] features_with_intercept = ['const'] + selected_features formula_parts = [] for coef, feat in zip(coefs, features_with_intercept): formula_parts.append(f"{coef:+.4f}*{feat}") final_formula = " + ".join(formula_parts) print("\nFinal Early Screening Formula:") print(final_formula.replace('+', ' + ').replace('-', ' - '))```输出的重要特征图像中的变量标签显示中文
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03-28
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