equals 和 ==

平时经常会遇到判断两个东西是否相等，一般字符串的话我都是用str.equals('str1')数字之类的就用 if ( a == 10) 但是这两个究竟有什么区别呢？

《JAVA编程思想》第四版中的原话

如果想比较两个对象的实际内容是否相同，必须使用所有对象都使用的特殊方法equals()。但这个方法不适用于“基本类型”，基本类型直接用==

equals()这个方法被定义在Object这个基类中，也就是说每个类都有这个方法，因为JAVA中每个类都会继承这个基类。看看帮助文档中怎么解释

• public boolean equals(Object obj)

  Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.

  The equals method implements an equivalence relation on non-null object references:

  • It is reflexive: for any non-null reference value x, x.equals(x) should return true.
  • It is symmetric: for any non-null reference values x and y, x.equals(y) should return true if and only if y.equals(x) returns true.
  • It is transitive: for any non-null reference values x, y, and z, if x.equals(y) returns true and y.equals(z) returns true, then x.equals(z) should return true.
  • It is consistent: for any non-null reference values x and y, multiple invocations of x.equals(y) consistently return true or consistently return false, provided no information used in equals comparisons on the objects is modified.
  • For any non-null reference value x, x.equals(null) should return false.

  The equals method for class Object implements the most discriminating possible equivalence relation on objects; that is, for any non-null reference values x and y, this method returns true if and only if x and y refer to the same object (x == y has the value true).

  Note that it is generally necessary to override the hashCode method whenever this method is overridden, so as to maintain the general contract for the hashCode method, which states that equal objects must have equal hash codes.

  Parameters:

  obj - the reference object with which to compare.

  Returns:

  true if this object is the same as the obj argument; false otherwise.

  See Also:

  hashCode(), HashMap