enum的职责链-枚举类型

这个模式还是挺不错的

以前没有听说过，在职责链设计模式总，会用多种不同的方式来解决同一个问题，然后将他们链接在一起。当一个请求到来时，它遍历这个链直到链中的某个解决方案能够处理该请求。其中每次尝试都可以看做为一个策略，而完整的处理方式列表就是一个职责链。

看一个例子

import java.util.Iterator;

class Mail {
	enum GeneralDelivery {YES, NO1, NO2, NO3, NO4, NO5}
	enum Scannability {UNSCANNABLE, YES1, YES2, YES3, YES4}
	enum Readability {ILLEGIBLE, YES1, YES2, YES3, YES4} 
	enum Address {INCORRECT, OK1, OK2, OK3, OK4, OK5, OK6} 
	enum ReturnAddress {MISSING, OK1, OK2, OK3, OK4, OK5}
	
	GeneralDelivery generalDelivery;
	Scannability scannability;
	Readability readability;
	Address address;
	ReturnAddress returnAddress;
	
	static long counter = 0;
	long id = counter++;
	
	//重写toString方法
	public String toString() {
		return "Mail " + id;
	}
	
	//显示详细详细
	public String details() {
		return toString() +
				", GeneralDelivery: " + generalDelivery +
				", Scannability: " + scannability +
				", Readability: " + readability +
				", Address: " + address +
				", ReturnAddress: " + returnAddress ;
				
	}
	
	//创建一个随机的Mail对象，内容也随机
	public static Mail randomMail() {
		Mail mail = new Mail();
		//调用一个Enums中的随机选取工具
		mail.generalDelivery = Enums.random(GeneralDelivery.class);
		mail.scannability = Enums.random(Scannability.class);
		mail.readability = Enums.random(Readability.class);
		mail.address = Enums.random(Address.class);
		mail.returnAddress = Enums.random(ReturnAddress.class);
		return mail;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 随机产生制度能够数量的信
	 * @param count 数量
	 * @return 以迭代器返回，可以使用for-each遍历
	 */
	public static Iterable<Mail> generator(final int count) {
		return new Iterable<Mail>() {
			int n = count;
			@Override
			public Iterator<Mail> iterator() {
				return new Iterator<Mail>() {

					@Override
					public boolean hasNext() {
						return n-- > 0;
					}

					@Override
					public Mail next() {
						return randomMail();
					}

					@Override
					public void remove() {
						throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
					}
				};
			}
		};
	}
}

public class PostOffice {
	
	/*
	 * 定义了四种处理邮件的方式
	 * 每一种都会返回对应的值true或false
	 * 如果返回false表示该种方式不可行
	 */
	enum MailHandler {
		GENERAL_DELIVERY {
			@Override
			boolean handle(Mail m) {
				switch (m.generalDelivery) {
				case YES:
					System.out.println("Using general delivery for " + m);
					return true;
				default:
					break;
				}
				return false;
			}
			
		},
		MACHINE_SCAN {
			@Override
			boolean handle(Mail m) {
				switch (m.scannability) {
				case UNSCANNABLE:
					return false;
				default:
					switch (m.address) {
					case INCORRECT:
						return false;
					default:
						System.out.println("Delivering " + m + " atuomatically");
						return true;
					}
				}
			}
			
		},
		VISUAL_INSPECTION {
			@Override
			boolean handle(Mail m) {
				switch (m.readability) {
				case ILLEGIBLE:
					return false;
				default:
					switch (m.address) {
					case INCORRECT:
						return false;
					default:
						System.out.println("Delivering " + m + " normally");
						return true;
					}
				}
			}
			
		},
		RETURN_TO_SENOER {
			@Override
			boolean handle(Mail m) {
				switch (m.returnAddress) {
				case MISSING:
					return false;
				default:
					System.out.println("Returing " + m + " to sender");
					return true;
				}
			}
			
		};
		abstract boolean handle(Mail m);
	}

	/**
	 * 按照MailHandler中的几种方法依次处理该邮件，
	 * 如果有一种可以处理则返回成功
	 * 如果所有的方法都不能处理，判定该邮件为死信
	 * @param m 邮件
	 */
	static void handle(Mail m) {
		for(MailHandler handler : MailHandler.values()) {
			if(handler.handle(m)) {
				return;
			}
		}
		System.out.println(m + " is a dead letter.");
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//随机生成10封信
		for(Mail mail : Mail.generator(10)) {
			System.out.println(mail.details());
			handle(mail);
			System.out.println("===============================");
		}
	}

}

输出结果

Mail 0, GeneralDelivery: NO2, Scannability: UNSCANNABLE, Readability: YES3, Address: OK1, ReturnAddress: OK1
Delivering Mail 0 normally
===============================
Mail 1, GeneralDelivery: NO5, Scannability: YES3, Readability: ILLEGIBLE, Address: OK5, ReturnAddress: OK1
Delivering Mail 1 atuomatically
===============================
Mail 2, GeneralDelivery: YES, Scannability: YES3, Readability: YES1, Address: OK1, ReturnAddress: OK5
Using general delivery for Mail 2
===============================
Mail 3, GeneralDelivery: NO4, Scannability: YES3, Readability: YES1, Address: INCORRECT, ReturnAddress: OK4
Returing Mail 3 to sender
===============================
Mail 4, GeneralDelivery: NO4, Scannability: UNSCANNABLE, Readability: YES1, Address: INCORRECT, ReturnAddress: OK2
Returing Mail 4 to sender
===============================
Mail 5, GeneralDelivery: NO3, Scannability: YES1, Readability: ILLEGIBLE, Address: OK4, ReturnAddress: OK2
Delivering Mail 5 atuomatically
===============================
Mail 6, GeneralDelivery: YES, Scannability: YES4, Readability: ILLEGIBLE, Address: OK4, ReturnAddress: OK4
Using general delivery for Mail 6
===============================
Mail 7, GeneralDelivery: YES, Scannability: YES3, Readability: YES4, Address: OK2, ReturnAddress: MISSING
Using general delivery for Mail 7
===============================
Mail 8, GeneralDelivery: NO3, Scannability: YES1, Readability: YES3, Address: INCORRECT, ReturnAddress: MISSING
Mail 8 is a dead letter.
===============================
Mail 9, GeneralDelivery: NO1, Scannability: UNSCANNABLE, Readability: YES2, Address: OK1, ReturnAddress: OK4
Delivering Mail 9 normally
===============================

看起来较为复杂，其实很简单。

就是有很多种处理信的方式，来了一封信就用这些方式依次处理，如果所有的方式都不能处理那就是死信，一旦有一种可以处理就通过。

enum MailHandler 中每一种处理方式都可以看成是一种策略，如果想增加处理方式，直接在enum MailHandler 添加即可，特别方便