Java第三阶段之Struts2核心知识

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-27 01:15:21 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-27 01:15:21 发布

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一.Struts2是什么

一.Struts2简介

Struts2是一个基于MVC设计模式的Web应用框架，它本质上相当于一个servlet，在MVC设计模式中，Struts2作为控制器(Controller)来建立模型与视图的数据交互。Struts 2是Struts的下一代产品，是在 struts 1和WebWork的技术基础上进行了合并的全新的Struts 2框架。其全新的Struts 2的体系结构与Struts 1的体系结构差别巨大。Struts 2以WebWork为核心，采用拦截器的机制来处理用户的请求，这样的设计也使得业务逻辑控制器能够与ServletAPI完全脱离开，所以Struts 2可以理解为WebWork的更新产品。虽然从Struts 1到Struts 2有着太大的变化，但是相对于WebWork，Struts 2的变化很小。
在用户请求和模块化处理、页面的展现方面。

Struts2原理图：

应用流程注解:
1.当Web容器收到请求（HttpServletReques
t）它将请求传递给一个标准的的过滤链包括（ActionContextCleanUp）过滤器。
2.经过Other filters(SiteMesh ,etc)，需要调用FilterDispatcher核心控制器，然后它调用ActionMapper确定请求哪个Action，ActionMapper返回一个收集Action详细信息的ActionMaping对象。
3.FilterDispatcher将控制权委派给ActionProxy,ActionProxy调用配置管理器(ConfigurationManager) 从配置文件中读取配置信息(struts.xml)，然后创建ActionInvocation对象。
4.ActionInvocation在调用Action之前会依次的调用所用配置拦截器（Interceptor N）一旦执行结果返回结果字符串ActionInvocation负责查找结果字符串对应的(Result）然后执行这个Result Result会调用一些模版（JSP）来呈现页面。
5.拦截器(Interceptor N)会再被执行（顺序和Action执行之前相反）最后响应(HttpServletResponse)被返回在web.xml中配置的那些过滤器和核心控制器（FilterDispatcher）。

Struts2包的下载：
https://struts.apache.org/
Apache Struts is a free, open-source, MVC framework for creating elegant, modern Java web applications. It favors convention over configuration, is extensible using a plugin architecture, and ships with plugins to support REST, AJAX and JSON.

包struts-2.5.17:
apps:示例项
docs:文档
lib:开发包，有插件包和核心包
src:源码，可以添加到项目里面去
.txt:协议、规范
核心包有8个：
commons-fileupload-1.3.1.jar
commons-io-2.2.jar
commons-lang3-3.1.jar
freemarker-2.3.19.jar
javassist-3.11.0.GA.jar
ognl-3.0.6.jar
struts2-core-2.3.16.3.jar
xwork-core-2.3.16.2.jar

二.Struts2的HelloWorld!程序

New Dynamic Web Project(HeadFirstStruts2Chap01)
->Dynamic web module version 2.5(3.0没有web.xml)
->将核心包添加到lib
->web.xml中写过滤器代码
要交给struts2处理filter、查看org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter添加了源码在src包中

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
  <display-name>HeadFirstStruts2Chap01</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  <filter>
        <filter-name>Struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>
            org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
        </filter-class>
   </filter>
   <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>Struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
   </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

->struts.xml中
用户请求一个地址，通过struts2返回一个页面
写一个包package 起个名helloworld 继承一个默认包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
	<package name="helloWorld" extends="struts-default">
	  	
  	</package>
</struts>

->New Class(com.tech.action.HelloWorldAction)
struts2的action处理类实现Action接口重写execute方法system.out.println(“执行了Action的默认方法”);return SUCCESS;

package com.java1234.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;

public class HelloWorldAction implements Action{

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("执行了Action的默认方法");
		return SUCCESS;
	}

}

->struts.xml 中

<action name="hello" class="com.java1234.action.HelloWorldAction">
	<result name="success">helloWorld.jsp</result>
</action>

->New JSP File(helloWorld.jsp)
Struts2你好！
->启动程序http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap01/hello
执行结果：
请求hello后，控制台打印出"执行了Action的默认方法"，页面跳转到helloWorld.jsp，但浏览器地址没有变。
执行过程：
首先定义了一个filter,url-pattern为/*相当于拦截了所有的请求，把所有的请求交给了分发器（Struts2的核心控制器）org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter，它的主要功能是将交给它的请求进行解析，判断是要给交哪个action处理，去相应的action类里执行代码，因为此类最后是返回了SUCCESS,匹配action里面的result里的"success"，转发到.jsp页面。

二.Struts2核心知识

一.Struts2 get/set 自动获取/设置数据

这是拦截器很常用的一个功能。
新建项目HeadFirstStruts2Chap02
->HelloWorldAction.java中
private String name;以及相应的get set方法

package com.java1234.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;

public class HelloWorldAction implements Action{

	private String name;
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("执行了Action的默认方法");
		return SUCCESS;
	}
}

->页面helloWorld.jsp
${name}你好！ ->struts.xml不变 ->启动程序：http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap01/hello?name=Struts2 执行结果：控制台上打印出"执行了Action的默认方法"，页面跳转到页面跳转到helloWorld.jsp，显示出“Struts2你好！”浏览器地址没有变。执行过程：在发出请求时就传递给属性name一个值?name=Struts2，首先拦截器调用set方法，设置给了当前的name属性。页面跳转到helloWorld.jsp，用$ {name}取得这个属性，然后用get方法取到这个属性，显示在页面上。

以上是使用URL的方式进行提交，以下我们使用form方式。
新建一个index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="hello" method="post">
	name：<input type="text" name="name"/>
	<input type="submit" value="Submit"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>

执行过程：起始页面是index.jsp，我们在文本框中输入"Struts2"，点击提交后，会自动调用set方法将这个值传递给属性name。控制台打印出"执行了HelloWorldAction的默认方法"，跳转到helloWorld.jsp页面，要读取属性name的值，就使用get方法，显示“Struts2你好！”

二.ActionSupport类引入

->新建一个ActionHelloWorldAction2，继承ActionSupport

package com.java1234.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class HelloWorldAction2 extends ActionSupport{

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	private String name;
		
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("执行了HelloWorldAction2 Action的默认方法");
		return SUCCESS;
	}

}

->在struts.xml中添加

<action name="hello" class="com.java1234.action.HelloWorldAction2">
  		<result name="success">helloWorld.jsp</result>
</action>

->helloWorld.jsp页面不变
->启动程序：http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap02
执行结果：与上面的一样。
ActionSupport功能更强大，我们以后都用它。

三.Action设置数据

一.属性驱动（FieldDriven）

A基本数据类型属性
新建User类

package com.java1234.model;

public class User {

	private String userName;
	private String password;
	
	public String getUserName() {
		return userName;
	}
	public void setUserName(String userName) {
		this.userName = userName;
	}
	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}
	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}
}

->新建UserAction类，用来判断登陆验证

package com.java1234.action;

import com.java1234.model.User;
import com.java1234.service.UserService;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class UserAction extends ActionSupport{
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	
	private UserService userService=new UserService();
	
	private String userName;
	private String password;
	
	public String getUserName() {
		return userName;
	}

	public void setUserName(String userName) {
		this.userName = userName;
	}

	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}

	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("执行了UserAction的默认方法");
		User user=new User();
		user.setUserName(userName);
		user.setPassword(password);
		if(userService.login(user)){
			return SUCCESS;
		}else{
			return ERROR;
		}
	}

}

->新建login.jsp页面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="user" method="post">
	用户名：<input type="text" name="userName"/>
	密码：<input type="text" name="password"/>
	<input type="submit" value="登录"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>

->Service是专门用来处理业务的
新建UserService.java

package com.java1234.service;

import com.java1234.model.User;

public class UserService {

	public boolean login(User user){
		if("java1234".equals(user.getUserName())&&"123456".equals(user.getPassword())){
			return true;
		}else{
			return false;
		}
	}
}

->新建success.jsp
登陆成功
->新建error.jsp
登录失败
->在struts.xml中

<action name="user" class="com.java1234.action.UserAction">
  		<result name="success">success.jsp</result>
  		<result name="error">error.jsp</result>
</action>

->启动程序：http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap02/login.jsp
执行结果：
进入login.jsp，在名字和密码的文本框中填入内容，点提交。控制台上打印出"执行了UserAction的默认方法"，用service去判断是否正确，跳转到相应的正确错误页面。
执行过程：
注意：.jsp页面中的属性与action.java中的属性是一一对应的。
BJavaBean类型属性
如果有50个属性，那么action中也需要写50个，很麻烦，所以直接用JavaBean。
新建UserAction2

package com.java1234.action;

import com.java1234.model.User;
import com.java1234.service.UserService;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class UserAction2 extends ActionSupport{

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	
	private UserService userService=new UserService();
	
	private User user;
	
	public User getUser() {
		return user;
	}

	public void setUser(User user) {
		this.user = user;
	}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("执行了UserAction的默认方法");
		if(userService.login(user)){
			return SUCCESS;
		}else{
			return ERROR;
		}
	}
}

->新建login2.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="user2" method="post">
	用户名：<input type="text" name="user.userName"/>
	密码：<input type="text" name="user.password"/>
	<input type="submit" value="登录"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>

->struts.xml中添加

<action name="user2" class="com.java1234.action.UserAction2">
  		<result name="success">success.jsp</result>
  		<result name="error">error.jsp</result>
</action>

->Model层、Service层、success.jsp、error.jsp的代码不用变
->执行程序http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap02/login2.jsp

二.模型驱动（ModelDriven）

只能接收一种类型，开发时，一个action中有好几个javabean，所以一般不用这个方法。
实现这个方法有一个泛型。
新建UserAction3

package com.java1234.action;

import com.java1234.model.User;
import com.java1234.service.UserService;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;

public class UserAction3 extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<User>{

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	
	private UserService userService=new UserService();
	
	private User user=new User();
	
	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("执行了UserAction3的默认方法");
		if(userService.login(user)){
			return SUCCESS;
		}else{
			return ERROR;
		}
	}

	@Override
	public User getModel() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return user;
	}
}

->新建login3.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="user3" method="post">
	用户名：<input type="text" name="userName"/>
	密码：<input type="text" name="password"/>
	<input type="submit" value="登录"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>

->struts.xml中添加

<action name="user3" class="com.java1234.action.UserAction3">
	<result name="success">success.jsp</result>
  	<result name="error">error.jsp</result>
</action>

->Model层、Service层、success.jsp、error.jsp的代码不用变
->执行程序：http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap02/login3.jsp

四.Struts2处理传入多个值

一.处理数目不定的字符串

New Project(HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_02)
->新建hobby.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="hobby" method="post">
	爱好：
	<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="唱歌"/>唱歌
	<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="跳舞"/>跳舞
	<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="睡觉"/>睡觉
	<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="玩CF"/>玩CF
	<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>

->新建HobbyAction

package com.java1234.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;

public class HobbyAction implements Action{

	private String[] hobby;
	
	public String[] getHobby() {
		return hobby;
	}

	public void setHobby(String[] hobby) {
		this.hobby = hobby;
	}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("执行了Action的默认方法");
		if(hobby!=null){
			for(String h:hobby){
				System.out.println(h);
			}
		}
		return SUCCESS;
	}
}

->struts.xml

<action name="hobby" class="com.java1234.action.HobbyAction">
  		<result name="success">success.jsp</result>
</action>

->新建success.jsp
->不需要用model层
->执行程序：http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_02/hobby.jsp
执行结果：在复选框中选多个选项后，提交。在控制台上打印出"执行了Action的默认方法"和相应的选项名称。

二.处理数目不定的JavaBean对象

新建addstudents.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="student" method="post">
	<table>
		<tr>
			<th>姓名</th>
			<th>性别</th>
			<th>年龄</th>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><input type="text" name="students[0].name"/></td>
			<td><input type="text" name="students[0].sex"/></td>
			<td><input type="text" name="students[0].age"/></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><input type="text" name="students[1].name"/></td>
			<td><input type="text" name="students[1].sex"/></td>
			<td><input type="text" name="students[1].age"/></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="3">
				<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
			</td>
		</tr>
	</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>

->新建model层，Student.java

package com.java1234.model;

public class Student {

	private String name;
	private String sex;
	private int age;
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}
	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [name=" + name + ", sex=" + sex + ", age=" + age + "]";
	}	
}

->新建StudentAction.java

package com.java1234.action;

import java.util.List;

import com.java1234.model.Student;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;

public class StudentAction implements Action{

	private List<Student> students;
	
	public List<Student> getStudents() {
		return students;
	}

	public void setStudents(List<Student> students) {
		this.students = students;
	}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("执行了Action的默认方法");
		for(Student s:students){
			System.out.println(s);
		}
		return SUCCESS;
	}
}

->struts.xml

<action name="student" class="com.java1234.action.StudentAction">
  		<result name="success">success.jsp</result>
</action>

->启动程序：http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_02/addstudents.jsp
执行结果：
批量添加，添上两个人的姓名、性别、年龄，点击提交。控制台输出"执行了Action的默认方法"和打印出两个对象。

五.struts.xml配置

一.pageckage配置

name包名
extends继承
namespace包命名空间，要在浏览器中请求中加一个这个前缀
abstract抽象包
以下讲解namespace的作用：
新建项目HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_03
->struts.xml中添加两个包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
  <package name="foreground" namespace="/fore" extends="struts-default">
	  <action name="studentList" class="com.java1234.action.ForeStudent">
  		<result name="success">${pageContext.request.contextPath}/success.jsp</result>
	  </action>

  </package>
	  <action name="studentList" class="com.java1234.action.BackStudent">
  		<result name="success">${pageContext.request.contextPath}/success.jsp</result>
  	  </action>

  <package name="background" namespace="/back" extends="struts-default">
  	
  </package>
  
  <package name="infoFilter" abstract="true"></package>
</struts>

->新建BackStudent

package com.java1234.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class BackStudent extends ActionSupport{

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("执行了BackStudent Action的默认方法");
		return SUCCESS;
	}
	
}

->新建ForeStudent

package com.java1234.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class ForeStudent extends ActionSupport{

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("执行了ForeStudent Action的默认方法");
		return SUCCESS;
	}
}

->新建一个success.jsp
->启动程序：http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_03/studentList
这样是请求不到的
http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_03/fore/studentList
${pageContext.request.contextPath}/才能支持绝对路径，要不然会报错，说找不到fore/success.jsp。
执行结果：
在控制台上输出"执行了ForeStudent Action的默认方法"，跳转到了success.jsp页面。
http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_03/back/studentList
执行结果：
在控制台上输出"执行了BackStudent Action的默认方法"，跳转到了success.jsp页面。

以下讲解abstract的作用：
struts.xml

<package name="infoFilter" abstract="true"></package>

一般情况下是abstract=“false”。这个包用来让别的包继承，这个包下面不可以写action。

二.action配置

name action的名字，写上这个就可以在浏览器路径中直接请求这个action了
class处理类，具体的请求处理类
method方法
->BackStudent.java中添加一个方法

public String show()throws Exception{
		System.out.println("执行了 BackStudent show方法");
		return SUCCESS;
	}

然后，action中默认请求的是execute方法，若我们写上method=“show”
->struts.xml

<action name="studentList" class="com.java1234.action.BackStudent" method="show">
  		<result name="success">${pageContext.request.contextPath}/success.jsp</result>
 </action>

那么就会去默认执行show方法
->启动程序：http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_03/back/studentList
执行结果：
控制台输出了"执行了 BackStudent show方法"

三.分模块配置方法

新建项目HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_04
->struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
 <struts>
  <include file="cheliang.xml"></include>
  <include file="zichan.xml"></include>
</struts>

->新建cheliang.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
  <package name="cheliang" namespace="/cheliang" extends="struts-default">
  	<action name="cheliang" class="com.java1234.action.CheLiangAction">
  		<result name="success">${pageContext.request.contextPath}/success.jsp</result>
  	</action>  
  </package>
</struts>

->新建zichan.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
  <package name="zichan" namespace="/zichan" extends="struts-default">
  	<action name="zichan" class="com.java1234.action.ZiChanAction">
  		<result name="success">${pageContext.request.contextPath}/success.jsp</result>
  	</action>
  </package>
</struts>

->新建CheLiangAction.java

package com.java1234.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class CheLiangAction extends ActionSupport{
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("执行了CheLiangAction Action的默认方法");
		return SUCCESS;
	}
}

->新建ZiChanAction.java

package com.java1234.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class ZiChanAction extends ActionSupport{
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("执行了ZiChanAction Action的默认方法");
		return SUCCESS;
	}
}

->success.jsp
->启动程序：http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_04/cheliang/cheliang
执行结果：
控制台上打印出"执行了CheLiangAction Action的默认方法"，页面跳转到success.jsp。
http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_04/zichan/zichan
控制台上打印出"执行了ZiChanAction Action的默认方法"，页面跳转到success.jsp。

这是一种分模块的方法，当你的项目中模块很多时，就需要使用这种方式来写struts.xml

四. 使用通配符

新建项目HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_05
->新建GradeAction.java

package com.java1234.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class GradeAction extends ActionSupport{

	private String name;
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String list()throws Exception{
		System.out.println("班级查找");
		name="班级查找";
		return SUCCESS;
	}
	
	public String add()throws Exception{
		System.out.println("班级添加");
		name="班级添加";
		return SUCCESS;
	}
	
	public String update()throws Exception{
		System.out.println("班级修改");
		name="班级修改";
		return SUCCESS;
	}
	
	public String delete()throws Exception{
		System.out.println("班级删除");
		name="班级删除";
		return SUCCESS;
	}	
}

->新建StudentAction.java

package com.java1234.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class StudentAction extends ActionSupport{

	private String name;
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
  
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String list()throws Exception{
		System.out.println("学生查找");
		name="学生查找";
		return SUCCESS;
	}
	
	public String add()throws Exception{
		System.out.println("学生添加");
		name="学生添加";
		return SUCCESS;
	}
	
	public String update()throws Exception{
		System.out.println("学生修改");
		name="学生修改";
		return SUCCESS;
	}
	
	public String delete()throws Exception{
		System.out.println("学生删除");
		name="学生删除";
		return SUCCESS;
	}	
}

方式一使用一个通配符

->struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> 
<struts>    	
  <package name="manage" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">  	
  	<action name="student_*" class="com.java1234.action.StudentAction" method="{1}">
  		<result name="success">success.jsp</result>
  	</action>  	
  	<action name="grade_*" class="com.java1234.action.GradeAction" method="{1}">
  		<result name="success">success.jsp</result>
  	</action> 
  </package>  
</struts>

->success.jsp
OK!${name}
->index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>通配符</h1>
<a href="student_list" target="_blank">学生信息查询</a>&nbsp;
<a href="student_add" target="_blank">学生信息添加</a>&nbsp;
<a href="student_update" target="_blank">学生信息修改</a>&nbsp;
<a href="student_delete" target="_blank">学生信息删除</a>&nbsp;
<br/><br/>
<a href="grade_list" target="_blank">班级信息查询</a>&nbsp;
<a href="grade_add" target="_blank">班级信息添加</a>&nbsp;
<a href="grade_update" target="_blank">班级信息修改</a>&nbsp;
<a href="grade_delete" target="_blank">班级信息删除</a>&nbsp;<br/>
</body>
</html>

->启动程序：http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_05
运行结果：
进入起始页面index.jsp。点击相应的学生/班级查找/添加/修改/删除的链接，就会跳转到success.jsp页面，显示出相应的字,OK!学生/班级查找/添加/修改/删除。且控制台上也打印出相应的字
学生/班级查找/添加/修改/删除。

方式二使用二个通配符

->struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> 
<struts>    	
  <package name="manage" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">  	
  	 <action name="*_*" class="com.java1234.action.{1}Action" method="{2}">
  		<result name="success">success.jsp</result>
  	</action> 
  </package>  
</struts>

->success.jsp
OK!${name}

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
        pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
    <html>
    <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <title>Insert title here</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>通配符</h1>
    <a href="Student_list" target="_blank">学生信息查询</a>&nbsp;
    <a href="Student_add" target="_blank">学生信息添加</a>&nbsp;
    <a href="Student_update" target="_blank">学生信息修改</a>&nbsp;
    <a href="Student_delete" target="_blank">学生信息删除</a>&nbsp;
    <br/><br/>
    <a href="Grade_list" target="_blank">班级信息查询</a>&nbsp;
    <a href="Grade_add" target="_blank">班级信息添加</a>&nbsp;
    <a href="Grade_update" target="_blank">班级信息修改</a>&nbsp;
    <a href="Grade_delete" target="_blank">班级信息删除</a>&nbsp;<br/>
    </body>
    </html>
  结果还是一样的

方式三使用动态调用，如下

六.动态方法调用

开启动态方法调用：

<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvovation" value="true">

->struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>
	
  **<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" />**
  
  <package name="manage" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
  	<action name="student" class="com.java1234.action.StudentAction">
  		<result name="success">success.jsp</result>
  	</action>    	
  	<action name="grade" class="com.java1234.action.GradeAction">
  		<result name="success">success.jsp</result>
  	</action>  
  </package>
</struts>

->index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>动态方法调用</h1>
<a href="student!list" target="_blank">学生信息查询</a>&nbsp;
<a href="student!add" target="_blank">学生信息添加</a>&nbsp;
<a href="student!update" target="_blank">学生信息修改</a>&nbsp;
<a href="student!delete" target="_blank">学生信息删除</a>&nbsp;
<br/><br/>
<a href="grade!list" target="_blank">班级信息查询</a>&nbsp;
<a href="grade!add" target="_blank">班级信息添加</a>&nbsp;
<a href="grade!update" target="_blank">班级信息修改</a>&nbsp;
<a href="grade!delete" target="_blank">班级信息删除</a>&nbsp;<br/>
</body>
</html>

->success.jsp
OK!${name}
执行结果和上面是一样的。
最好不要使用这种方式，而是使用通配符。

七.Action生命周期

新建项目HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_06
->新建HelloAction.java

package com.java1234.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class HelloAction extends ActionSupport{
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	public HelloAction() {
		System.out.println(this);
	}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return SUCCESS;
	}
}

->struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>
  <package name="manage" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
  	<action name="hello" class="com.java1234.action.HelloAction">
  		<result name="success">success.jsp</result>
  	</action>
  </package>
</struts>

->启动程序 :http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_06/hello
执行结果：每次启动程序都会创建一个新的hellowaorldaction的实例。
后面学到spring时，是单例。

八.result配置

1，type 默认是 dispatcher 内部转发；
2，type 为 redirect 重定向；
3，type 为 chain 链条；
4，type 为 redirectAction 重定向到 action；
上面 4 个常用，一定要掌握；
其他 freemarkerfreemarker 模版 httpheader 返回一个已配置好的 HTTP 头信息响应 stream 将原始数据作为流传递回浏览器端， velocity 呈现 Velocity 模板 xslt 该 XML 可以通过 XSL 模板进行转换 plaintext 返回普通文本类容
result 全局配置
新建项目HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_07

第一种：（type 默认是 dispatcher 内部转发）

->新建HelloAction.java

package com.java1234.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class HelloAction extends ActionSupport{

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	
	private String name;
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	} 
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		return SUCCESS;
	}
}
->struts.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>
  <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" />
  
  <package name="manage" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
  	
  	<action name="hello" class="com.java1234.action.HelloAction">
  		<result name="success" >success.jsp</result>
  	</action>
  </package>

</struts>
->success.jsp
Name:${name}
->index.jsp
    <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="hello?name=Struts2" target="_blank">默认转发_dispatcher</a><br/>
</body>
</html>

->启动程序：http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_07
执行结果：点击"默认转发_dispatcher"，跳转到success.jsp页面，显示出Name:Struts2。
如果是转发的话，能取到name的值，重定向的话是取不到的。

第二种：type 是 dispatcher

->新建HelloAction.java

package com.java1234.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class HelloAction extends ActionSupport{

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	
	private String name;
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	} 
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		return SUCCESS;
	}
}
->struts.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>
  <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" />
  
  <package name="manage" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
  	
  	<action name="hello" class="com.java1234.action.HelloAction">
  		<result name="success" type="dispatcher" >success.jsp</result>
  	</action>
  </package>

</struts>
->success.jsp
Name:${name}
->index.jsp
    <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="hello?name=Struts2" target="_blank">默认转发_dispatcher</a><br/>
</body>
</html>

->启动程序：http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_07
执行结果：点击"默认转发_dispatcher"，跳转到success.jsp，取到了name值。

第三种：type 为 redirect 重定向

->新建HelloAction.java

package com.java1234.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class HelloAction extends ActionSupport{

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	
	private String name;
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	} 
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		return SUCCESS;
	}
	public String r()throws Exception{
	return "r";
}
}

->struts.xml

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>
  <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" />
  <package name="manage" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
  	<action name="hello" class="com.java1234.action.HelloAction">
  		<result name="success" >success.jsp</result>
  		<result name="r"  type="redirect">success.jsp</result>
  	</action>
  </package>
</struts>

->success.jsp
Name:${name}
->index.jsp

    <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="hello?name=Struts2" target="_blank">默认转发_dispatcher</a><br/>
<a href="hello!r?name=Struts2" target="_blank">重定向_redirect</a><br/>
</body>
</html>

->启动程序：http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_07
执行结果：点击"重定向_redirect"，跳转到success.jsp页面，显示Name:。获取不到name值。
hello!r?name=Struts2，这表明是动态调用，要开启动态方法调用。

第四种：type 为 chain 链条

在Action中请求了一个东西，返回到了另一个请求继续执行。且数据可以共享。
->新建HelloAction2.java

package com.java1234.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class HelloAction2 extends ActionSupport{
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	
	private String name2;
	
	public String getName2() {
		return name2;
	}

	public void setName2(String name2) {
		this.name2 = name2;
	}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		this.name2="你好啊";
		return SUCCESS;
	}		
}

->新建HelloAction.java

package com.java1234.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class HelloAction extends ActionSupport{

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	
	private String name;
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	} 
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		return SUCCESS;
	}
	public String r()throws Exception{
	return "r";
}
public String c()throws Exception{
	return "c";
}
}

->struts.xml

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>
  <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" />
  <package name="manage" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
  	<action name="hello" class="com.java1234.action.HelloAction">
  		<result name="success" >success.jsp</result>
  		<result name="r"  type="redirect">success.jsp</result>
  		<result name="c"  type="chain">hello2</result>
  	</action>
  	<action name="hello2" class="com.java1234.action.HelloAction2">
  		<result name="success" >success.jsp</result>
  	</action>
  </package>
</struts>

->success.jsp
Name: ${name} Name2:$ {name2}
->index.jsp

    <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="hello?name=Struts2" target="_blank">默认转发_dispatcher</a><br/>
<a href="hello!r?name=Struts2" target="_blank">重定向_redirect</a><br/>
 <a href="hello!c?name=Struts2" target="_blank">链条_chain</a><br/>
</body>
</html>

->启动程序：http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_07
执行结果：点击"链条_chain"，跳转到success.jsp页面，显示Name:Struts2 Name2:你好啊。
hello!c?name=Struts2，这表明是动态调用，要开启动态方法调用。
转发到了一个新的action。

第五种：type 为 redirectAction 重定向到 action

这种与链式的区别在于，重定向到下一个Action，值是带不过去的。但是它能节省一下资源。
->新建HelloAction2.java

package com.java1234.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class HelloAction2 extends ActionSupport{
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	
	private String name2;
	
	public String getName2() {
		return name2;
	}

	public void setName2(String name2) {
		this.name2 = name2;
	}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		this.name2="你好啊";
		return SUCCESS;
	}		
}

->新建HelloAction.java

package com.java1234.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class HelloAction extends ActionSupport{

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	
	private String name;
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	} 
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		return SUCCESS;
	}
	public String r()throws Exception{
	return "r";
}
public String c()throws Exception{
	return "c";
}
public String ra()throws Exception{
	return "ra";
}
}

->struts.xml

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>
  <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" />
  <package name="manage" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
  	<action name="hello" class="com.java1234.action.HelloAction">
  		<result name="success" >success.jsp</result>
  		<result name="r"  type="redirect">success.jsp</result>
  		<result name="c"  type="chain">hello2</result>
  		<result name="ra"  type="redirectAction">hello2</result>
  	</action>
  	<action name="hello2" class="com.java1234.action.HelloAction2">
  		<result name="success" >success.jsp</result>
  	</action>
  </package>
</struts>

->success.jsp
Name: ${name} Name2:$ {name2}
->index.jsp

    <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="hello?name=Struts2" target="_blank">默认转发_dispatcher</a><br/>
<a href="hello!r?name=Struts2" target="_blank">重定向_redirect</a><br/>
 <a href="hello!c?name=Struts2" target="_blank">链条_chain</a><br/>
  <a href="hello!ra?name=Struts2" target="_blank">重定向到Action_redirectAction</a><br/>
</body>
</html>

->启动程序：http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_07
执行结果：点击"重定向到Action_redirectAction"，跳转到success.jsp页面，显示Name: Name2:你好啊。
name取不到。
hello!ra?name=Struts2，这表明是动态调用，要开启动态方法调用。
转发到了一个新的action。

二.result全局配置

有一种result，全局action都要用到，比如说一种错误页面
->新建HelloAction2.java

package com.java1234.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class HelloAction2 extends ActionSupport{
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	
	private String name2;
	
	public String getName2() {
		return name2;
	}

	public void setName2(String name2) {
		this.name2 = name2;
	}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		this.name2="你好啊";
		return SUCCESS;
	}		
}

->新建HelloAction.java

package com.java1234.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class HelloAction extends ActionSupport{
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	
	private String name;
	private String error;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	} 
	public String getError() {
		return error;
	}

	public void setError(String error) {
		this.error = error;
	}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		if(name==null || "".equals(name)){
			this.error="name是空";
			return ERROR;
		}
		return SUCCESS;
	}
	    	
	public String r()throws Exception{
		return "r";
	}
	
	public String c()throws Exception{
		return "c";
	}

	public String ra()throws Exception{
		return "ra";
	}
}

->struts.xml

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>
  <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" />
  <package name="manage" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
  <global-results>
	       <result name="error">error.jsp</result>
  </global-results>
  	<action name="hello" class="com.java1234.action.HelloAction">
  		<result name="success" >success.jsp</result>
  		<result name="r"  type="redirect">success.jsp</result>
  		<result name="c"  type="chain">hello2</result>
  		<result name="ra"  type="redirectAction">hello2</result>
  	</action>
  	<action name="hello2" class="com.java1234.action.HelloAction2">
  		<result name="success" >success.jsp</result>
  	</action>
  </package>
</struts>

->success.jsp
Name: ${name} Name2:$ {name2}
->index.jsp

    <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="hello?name=Struts2" target="_blank">默认转发_dispatcher</a><br/>
<a href="hello!r?name=Struts2" target="_blank">重定向_redirect</a><br/>
 <a href="hello!c?name=Struts2" target="_blank">链条_chain</a><br/>
 <a href="hello!ra?name=Struts2" target="_blank">重定向到Action_redirectAction</a><br/>
<a href="hello" target="_blank">全局result配置</a><br/>
</body>
</html>

->error.jsp
错误信息：${error }
->启动程序：http://localhost:8080/HeadFirstStruts2Chap02_07
执行结果：点击"全局result配置"，跳转到success.jsp页面，显示错误信息：name是空。
执行过程：在hello这个Action里面，先在此action中找相应的result，如果没有找到那个errorresult，就去全局变量中寻找。

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