5、spring自动装配之@Qualifier注解的使用

在上一篇4、spring使用@Autowired注解实现自动装配 教程中，我们知道了怎么使用@Autowired注解进行自动装配。但是当存在两个类型一致的person bean时，将会有什么情况出现。我们一起来看看下面的例子：

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例子

说明：如果已经看了上一篇教程，可以直接跳到第二步

第一步：创建bean

Customer类

package com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

public class Customer {
    //即将自动装配的属性
    private Person person;
    private String type;
    @Autowired
    public Customer(Person person) {
        this.person = person;
    }
    //getter and setter methods
    //toString methods
}

Person类

package com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation;

public class Person {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    //getter and setter methods
    //toString methods
}

第二步：修改beans.xml配置文件

说明：这里存在了两个person bean，一个是person1，一个是person2

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
  <bean 
    class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/>
  <bean id="customer" 
        class="com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation.Customer" >
        <property name="type" value="user"></property>
  </bean>
  <bean id="person1" class="com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation.Person">
        <property name="name" value="jack" />
        <property name="age" value="18"/>
  </bean>
  <bean id="person2" class="com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation.Person">
        <property name="name" value="tom" />
        <property name="age" value="28"/>
  </bean>
</beans>

第三步：编写测试代码

    @Test
    public void test(){

        ApplicationContext context = 
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/main/autowrite/autowired/annotation/beans.xml");

        Customer customer = (Customer)context.getBean("customer");

        System.out.print(customer.toString());
    }

测试结果如下：（抛出异常）

这是因为Customer在进行自动装配时，不清楚要装载person1，还是要装载person2，这时我们就应该使用@Qualifier注解来告诉它，我们想要的是哪一个！！

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为解决上述问题，这里引入@Qualifier注解

@Qualifier示例

修改你的Customer类如下：

package com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.Retention;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;

public class Customer {
    //即将自动装配的属性
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("person2")
    private Person person;
    private String type;

    //getter and setter methods 
    //toString methods
}

修改你的beans.xml配置文件如下：
此时应该将引入spring上下文以及context:annotation-config标签

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
  <context:annotation-config />
  <bean id="customer" 
        class="com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation.Customer" >
        <property name="type" value="user"></property>
  </bean>
  <bean id="person1" class="com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation.Person">

        <property name="name" value="jack" />
        <property name="age" value="18"/>
  </bean>
  <bean id="person2" class="com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation.Person">
        <property name="name" value="tom" />
        <property name="age" value="28"/>
  </bean>
</beans>

此时Customer bean将会自动装配person2 bean

运行结果如下：