CentOS 7 鸟叔私房菜/etc/init.d/* 与 service 命令的替代方法：systemctl

学习Linux的时候啊，看鸟叔书里写的，/etc/init.d/目录下有很多相关的服务，可是我到自己的init.d目录下一看，只有少的可怜的几个文件……

# ll /etc/init.d/
total 92
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 15131 Sep 12  2016 functions
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2989 Sep 12  2016 netconsole
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  6643 Sep 12  2016 network
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  1160 Nov  7  2016 README
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 44903 Jul  8 14:50 vmware-tools
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15721 Jul  8 14:50 vmware-tools-thinprint

啊哈？这和鸟叔书上列出来的一大串不太像啊。好吧，可能是因为CentOS的版本原因吧，谁知道呢。

再到后面，介绍到了用/etc/init.d/* 和 service控制服务，然后我和鸟叔画风又不一样了。。。

这是鸟叔的：

[root@www ~]# /etc/init.d/syslog status
syslogd (pid 4264) 正在执行...
klogd (pid 4267) 正在执行...
# 代表 syslog 管理两个 daemon ，这两个 daemon 正在运作中啦！

[root@www ~]# /etc/init.d/syslog restart
正在关闭核心记录器: [ 确定 ]
正在关闭系统记录器: [ 确定 ]
正在启动系统记录器: [ 确定 ]
正在启动核心记录器: [ 确定 ]

[root@www ~]# service crond restart
[root@www ~]# /etc/init.d/crond restart
# 这两种方法随便你用哪一种来处理都可以！丌过鸟哥比较喜欢使用
/etc/init.d/*

这是我的QAQ：

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/syslog status
-bash: /etc/init.d/syslog: No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/syslog restart
-bash: /etc/init.d/syslog: No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# service crond restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart  crond.service
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/crond restart
-bash: /etc/init.d/crond: No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# 

然后懵了一会儿，就在service的提示下找到了/bin/systemctl这个命令，果断进man page查看：

NAME
   systemctl - Control the systemd system and service manager

SYNOPSIS
       systemctl [OPTIONS...] COMMAND [NAME...]

DESCRIPTION
       systemctl may be used to introspect and control the state of the "systemd" system and service manager. Please refer to systemd(1) for an introduction into the basic concepts and functionality this
       tool manages.

然后又上网看了看，好像这个命令就是用来替代/etc/init.d/* 和 service命令的，按照操作试了试，感觉还不错

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status rsyslog
● rsyslog.service - System Logging Service
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyslog.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2017-07-14 12:41:22 CST; 52min ago
 Main PID: 8003 (rsyslogd)                        ==>注意PID
   CGroup: /system.slice/rsyslog.service
           └─8003 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n

Jul 14 12:41:22 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting System Logging Service...
Jul 14 12:41:22 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started System Logging Service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status rsyslog
● rsyslog.service - System Logging Service
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyslog.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2017-07-14 13:34:15 CST; 1s ago
 Main PID: 9472 (rsyslogd)                        ==>重启后PID变了
   CGroup: /system.slice/rsyslog.service
           └─9472 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n

Jul 14 13:34:15 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting System Logging Service...
Jul 14 13:34:15 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started System Logging Service.

如果没有参数，直接输入systemctl的话，就会输出各服务的详细情况，当然使用service –status-all也能显示服务信息，不过好像没有前者详细

部分代码引用自《鸟哥的Linux私房菜 基础学习篇(第三版)》