SpringBoot/SpringCloud初探六（异常处理）

异常处理在样例中采用Hystrix，其工作方式：调用异常触发回调方法

测试方式：关闭微服务service-a，会触发Hystrix工作，回调注解指定的方法@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "onHystrix")，即onHystrix(String id)，注意此处的入参与@HystrixCommand注解的方法一样。如果该注解是针对整个类，则入参为空。

引入spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.1</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.abcd</groupId>
    <artifactId>ServiceC</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>ServiceC</name>
    <description>ServiceC</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2021.0.0</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 7910

spring:
  application:
    name: hystix-service

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

java代码

Application代码

@EnableHystrix
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class ServiceCApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceCApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}

Controller代码

@RestController
@RequestMapping("hystrix")
public class ServiceCController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;

    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "onHystrix")
    @ResponseBody
    @GetMapping
    public String testHystrix(@RequestParam("id") String id){
        List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("microservice-a");
        ServiceInstance instance = instances.get(0);
        return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://" + instance.getHost() + ":" + instance.getPort()
                + "/condition/self/", String.class);

    }

    public String onHystrix(String id){
        return "Hystrix is working now";
    }
}