线性回归的简洁实现

1.生成数据集

2.读取数据集

3.定义模型

4.初始化模型参数

5.定义损失函数

6.定义优化算法

7.训练

import numpy as np
import torch
from torch.utils import data
from d2l import torch as d2l


# 生成数据集
def synthetic_data(w,b,num_examples):
    x=torch.normal(0,1,(num_examples,len(w)))
    y=torch.matmul(x,w)+b
    y+=torch.normal(0,0.01,y.shape)
    return x,y.reshape((-1,1))

true_w = torch.tensor([2, -3.4])
true_b = 4.2
features, labels = d2l.synthetic_data(true_w, true_b, 1000)


# 读取数据集
def load_array(data_arrays, batch_size, is_train=True):  #@save
    """构造一个PyTorch数据迭代器"""
    dataset = data.TensorDataset(*data_arrays)
    return data.DataLoader(dataset, batch_size, shuffle=is_train)

batch_size = 10
data_iter = load_array((features, labels), batch_size)

batch_size = 10

# print(next(iter(data_iter)))

#定义模型
# nn是神经网络的缩写
from torch import nn


net = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(2, 1))


#初始化模型参数
net[0].weight.data.normal_(0, 0.01)
net[0].bias.data.fill_(0)


#定义损失函数
loss = nn.MSELoss()


#定义优化算法
trainer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.03)


#训练
num_epochs = 3
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
    for X, y in data_iter:
        l = loss(net(X) ,y)
        trainer.zero_grad()
        l.backward()
        trainer.step()
    l = loss(net(features), labels)
    print(f'epoch {epoch + 1}, loss {l:f}')


w = net[0].weight.data
print('w的估计误差：', true_w - w.reshape(true_w.shape))
b = net[0].bias.data
print('b的估计误差：', true_b - b)