写好JavaScript的原则
各司其责
- HTML/CSS/JS各司其责
- ·应当避免不必要的由JS直接操作样式
- 可以用class 来表示状态
- 纯展示类交互寻求零JS方案
组件封装
- 组件设计的原则:封装性、正确性、扩展性、复用性
- 实现组件的步骤:结构设计、展现效果、行为设计
- 三次重构
- 插件化
- 模板化
- 抽象化(组件框架)
满足其上面要求的轮播图代码:
class Component{
constructor(id, opts = {name, data:[]}){
this.container = document.getElementById(id);
this.options = opts;
this.container.innerHTML = this.render(opts.data);
}
registerPlugins(...plugins){
plugins.forEach(plugin => {
const pluginContainer = document.createElement('div');
pluginContainer.className = `.${name}__plugin`;
pluginContainer.innerHTML = plugin.render(this.options.data);
this.container.appendChild(pluginContainer);
plugin.action(this);
});
}
render(data) {
/* abstract */
return ''
}
}
class Slider extends Component{
constructor(id, opts = {name: 'slider-list', data:[], cycle: 3000}){
super(id, opts);
this.items = this.container.querySelectorAll('.slider-list__item, .slider-list__item--selected');
this.cycle = opts.cycle || 3000;
this.slideTo(0);
}
render(data){
const content = data.map(image => `
<li class="slider-list__item">
<img src="${image}"/>
</li>
`.trim());
return `<ul>${content.join('')}</ul>`;
}
getSelectedItem(){
const selected = this.container.querySelector('.slider-list__item--selected');
return selected
}
getSelectedItemIndex(){
return Array.from(this.items).indexOf(this.getSelectedItem());
}
slideTo(idx){
const selected = this.getSelectedItem();
if(selected){
selected.className = 'slider-list__item';
}
const item = this.items[idx];
if(item){
item.className = 'slider-list__item--selected';
}
const detail = {index: idx}
const event = new CustomEvent('slide', {bubbles:true, detail})
this.container.dispatchEvent(event)
}
slideNext(){
const currentIdx = this.getSelectedItemIndex();
const nextIdx = (currentIdx + 1) % this.items.length;
this.slideTo(nextIdx);
}
slidePrevious(){
const currentIdx = this.getSelectedItemIndex();
const previousIdx = (this.items.length + currentIdx - 1) % this.items.length;
this.slideTo(previousIdx);
}
addEventListener(type, handler){
this.container.addEventListener(type, handler);
}
start(){
this.stop();
this._timer = setInterval(()=>this.slideNext(), this.cycle);
}
stop(){
clearInterval(this._timer);
}
}
const pluginController = {
render(images){
return `
<div class="slide-list__control">
${images.map((image, i) => `
<span class="slide-list__control-buttons${i===0?'--selected':''}"></span>
`).join('')}
</div>
`.trim();
},
action(slider){
let controller = slider.container.querySelector('.slide-list__control');
if(controller){
let buttons = controller.querySelectorAll('.slide-list__control-buttons, .slide-list__control-buttons--selected');
controller.addEventListener('mouseover', evt=>{
var idx = Array.from(buttons).indexOf(evt.target);
if(idx >= 0){
slider.slideTo(idx);
slider.stop();
}
});
controller.addEventListener('mouseout', evt=>{
slider.start();
});
slider.addEventListener('slide', evt => {
const idx = evt.detail.index;
let selected = controller.querySelector('.slide-list__control-buttons--selected');
if(selected) selected.className = 'slide-list__control-buttons';
buttons[idx].className = 'slide-list__control-buttons--selected';
});
}
}
};
const pluginPrevious = {
render(){
return `<a class="slide-list__previous"></a>`;
},
action(slider){
let previous = slider.container.querySelector('.slide-list__previous');
if(previous){
previous.addEventListener('click', evt => {
slider.stop();
slider.slidePrevious();
slider.start();
evt.preventDefault();
});
}
}
};
const pluginNext = {
render(){
return `<a class="slide-list__next"></a>`;
},
action(slider){
let previous = slider.container.querySelector('.slide-list__next');
if(previous){
previous.addEventListener('click', evt => {
slider.stop();
slider.slideNext();
slider.start();
evt.preventDefault();
});
}
}
};
const slider = new Slider('my-slider', {name: 'slide-list', data: ['https://p5.ssl.qhimg.com/t0119c74624763dd070.png',
'https://p4.ssl.qhimg.com/t01adbe3351db853eb3.jpg',
'https://p2.ssl.qhimg.com/t01645cd5ba0c3b60cb.jpg',
'https://p4.ssl.qhimg.com/t01331ac159b58f5478.jpg'], cycle:3000});
slider.registerPlugins(pluginController, pluginPrevious, pluginNext);
slider.start();
<div id="my-slider" class="slider-list"></div>
#my-slider{
position: relative;
width: 790px;
height: 340px;
}
.slider-list ul{
list-style-type:none;
position: relative;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
.slider-list__item,
.slider-list__item--selected{
position: absolute;
transition: opacity 1s;
opacity: 0;
text-align: center;
}
.slider-list__item--selected{
transition: opacity 1s;
opacity: 1;
}
.slide-list__control{
position: relative;
display: table;
background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
padding: 5px;
border-radius: 12px;
bottom: 30px;
margin: auto;
}
.slide-list__next,
.slide-list__previous{
display: inline-block;
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
margin-top: -25px;
width: 30px;
height:50px;
text-align: center;
font-size: 24px;
line-height: 50px;
overflow: hidden;
border: none;
background: transparent;
color: white;
background: rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
cursor: pointer;
opacity: 0;
transition: opacity .5s;
}
.slide-list__previous {
left: 0;
}
.slide-list__next {
right: 0;
}
#my-slider:hover .slide-list__previous {
opacity: 1;
}
#my-slider:hover .slide-list__next {
opacity: 1;
}
.slide-list__previous:after {
content: '<';
}
.slide-list__next:after {
content: '>';
}
.slide-list__control-buttons,
.slide-list__control-buttons--selected{
display: inline-block;
width: 15px;
height: 15px;
border-radius: 50%;
margin: 0 5px;
background-color: white;
cursor: pointer;
}
.slide-list__control-buttons--selected {
background-color: red;
}
过程抽象
- 用来处理局部细节控制的一些方法
- 函数式编程思想的基础应用
高阶函数
- 以函数作为参数
- 以函数作为返回值
- 常用于作为函数装饰器
常用的高阶函数
once(一次)
上面已有例子
Throttle(节流)
防止重复调用,设置0.5s的定时器
https://code.h5jun.com/gale/1/edit?html,css,js,output
function throttle(fn, time = 500){
let timer;
return function(...args){
if(timer == null){
fn.apply(this, args);
timer = setTimeout(() => {
timer = null;
}, time)
}
}
}
btn.onclick = throttle(function(e){
circle.innerHTML = parseInt(circle.innerHTML) + 1;
circle.className = 'fade';
setTimeout(() => circle.className = '', 250);
});
Debounce(防抖)
防止过度调用函数,过大占用性能
https://code.h5jun.com/wik/edit?html,js,output
var i = 0;
setInterval(function(){
bird.className = "sprite " + 'bird' + ((i++) % 3);
}, 1000/10);
function debounce(fn, dur){
dur = dur || 100;
var timer;
return function(){
clearTimeout(timer);
timer = setTimeout(() => {
fn.apply(this, arguments);
}, dur);
}
}
document.addEventListener('mousemove', debounce(function(evt){
var x = evt.clientX,
y = evt.clientY,
x0 = bird.offsetLeft,
y0 = bird.offsetTop;
console.log(x, y);
var a1 = new Animator(1000, function(ep){
bird.style.top = y0 + ep * (y - y0) + 'px';
bird.style.left = x0 + ep * (x - x0) + 'px';
}, p => p * p);
a1.animate();
}, 100));
Consumer
https://code.h5jun.com/roka/7/edit?js,output
Iterative(迭代)
https://code.h5jun.com/kapef/edit?js,output
编程范式
- 过程抽象/HOF/装饰器
- 命令式/声明式
命令式与声明式
例子:
https://code.h5jun.com/tuda/2/edit?js,output
https://code.h5jun.com/nal/3/edit?js,output
https://code.h5jun.com/foqo/2/edit?js,output