Lock对象的使用

Lock对象在功能上比sybchronized更加丰富。

ReentrantLock类

使用ReentrantLock实现同步
调用ReentrantLock对象的lock()获取锁,调用unlock()释放锁,如下

lock的使用

public class MyService {

    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    public void testMethod() {
        lock.lock();
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            System.out.println("ThreadName is " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + (" " + (i + 1)));
        }
        lock.unlock();
    }

}

线程类

public class MyThread extends Thread {

    private MyService myService;

    public MyThread(MyService myService) {
        super();
        this.myService = myService;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService.testMethod();
    }

}

测试

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyService myService = new MyService();

        MyThread a = new MyThread(myService);
        MyThread b = new MyThread(myService);
        MyThread c = new MyThread(myService);

        a.start();
        b.start();
        c.start();
    }
}

结果
在这里插入图片描述
可以看出,只有当锁释放后,其他线程才可以继续抢锁并输出(抢锁顺序与启动的顺序不一定一致)

Condition对象的使用
Condition对象具有更好的灵活性。例如,可以实现多路通知功能,也就是在一个Lock对象中可以创建多个Condition实例,线程对象注册在指定的Condition中,从而可以有选择性的进行线程的通知,在调度上更加灵活

在使用notify()/notifyAll()方法进行通知时,被通知的线程由JVM选择,而notifyAll()会通知所有waiting线程,没有选择权。

Condition对象的作用是控制并处理线程状态,它可以使线程保持wait状态,也可以让其继续运行,如下

创建Lock对象和Condition对象

public class MyService {

    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();

    public void waitMethod() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("A");
            condition.await();
            System.out.println("B");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
            System.out.println("锁释放了");
        }
    }

}

线程类

public class MyThread extends Thread {

    private MyService myService;

    public MyThread(MyService myService) {
        super();
        this.myService = myService;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService.waitMethod();
    }

}

测试

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyService myService = new MyService();
        MyThread a = new MyThread(myService);
        MyThread b = new MyThread(myService);
        MyThread c = new MyThread(myService);

        a.start();
        b.start();
        c.start();
    }

}

结果
在这里插入图片描述
说明调用Condition对象的await()方法将当前执行任务的线程转换成wait状态,并释放锁

使用Condition对象的方法实现wait/notify机制
Condition对象拥有await()和signal(),和wait()、notify()效果类似,如下
业务代码

public class MyService {

    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    public Condition condition = lock.newCondition();

    public void await() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("await's time is " + System.currentTimeMillis());
            condition.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void signal() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("signal's time is " + System.currentTimeMillis());
            condition.signal();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

}

线程类

public class MyThread extends Thread {

    private MyService myService;

    public MyThread(MyService myService) {
        super();
        this.myService = myService;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService.await();
    }

}

测试

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        MyService myService = new MyService();

        MyThread myThread = new MyThread(myService);
        myThread.start();
        Thread.sleep(3000);

        myService.signal();
    }
}

结果
在这里插入图片描述

await()运行原理: 并发包源代码内部执行了Unsafe类中的public native void park(boolean isAbsolute, long time)方法,让当前线程暂停。isAbsolute代表是否为绝对时间,time代表时间值

通知部分线程
可以通过Condition对象唤醒部分指定的线程(有助于提高效率),也可以对线程分组,然后唤醒指定组中的线程

业务代码

public class MyService {

    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    public Condition conditionA = lock.newCondition();
    public Condition conditionB = lock.newCondition();

    public void awaitA() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("begin await A time is" + System.currentTimeMillis() +
                    "ThreadName is " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            conditionA.await();
            System.out.println("end await A time is" + System.currentTimeMillis() +
                    "ThreadName is " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void awaitB() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("begin await B time is" + System.currentTimeMillis() +
                    "ThreadName is " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            conditionB.await();
            System.out.println("end await B time is" + System.currentTimeMillis() +
                    "ThreadName is " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void signalAll_A() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("signalAll_A time is" + System.currentTimeMillis() +
                    "ThreadName is " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            conditionA.signalAll();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void signalAll_B() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("signalAll_B time is" + System.currentTimeMillis() +
                    "ThreadName is " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            conditionB.signalAll();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

}

线程类A, B

public class ThreadA extends Thread {

    private MyService myService;

    public ThreadA(MyService myService) {
        super();
        this.myService = myService;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService.awaitA();
    }

}
public class ThreadB extends Thread {

    private MyService myService;

    public ThreadB(MyService myService) {
        super();
        this.myService = myService;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService.awaitB();
    }

}

测试

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        MyService myService = new MyService();

        ThreadA a = new ThreadA(myService);
        a.setName("A");
        a.start();
        ThreadB b = new ThreadB(myService);
        b.setName("B");
        b.start();

        Thread.sleep(3000);

        myService.signalAll_A();
    }
}

结果
在这里插入图片描述
A被唤醒,B还继续等待

公平锁与非公平锁
公平锁:采用先到先得的策略,每次获取锁之前都会检查队列里面有没有排队等待的线程,没有才会尝试获取锁,有就追加到队列中。
非公平锁:采用“有机会插队”的策略,一个线程获取锁之前要先去尝试获取锁而非在队列等待,即后启动也可能先拿到锁。如果没有拿到,那么才将自身追加到队列中进行等待。

ReentrantReadWriteLock类

ReentrantLock类具有完全排他的效果,同一时间只有一个线程在执行lock.lock()后的任务,效率低下
ReentrantReadWriteLock进行读操作的时候不需要同步,提升运行速度。
读写有两个锁:一个读相关–共享锁,一个写相关–排它锁
读锁间不互斥,其他均互斥

以下各部分只有业务代码不同,线程类,测试类一致
先给出线程类、测试类

public class MyThread extends Thread {
    
    private MyService myService;

    public MyThread(MyService myService) {
        super();
        this.myService = myService;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService.testMethod();
    }
    
}
public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyService myService = new MyService();
        MyThread a = new MyThread(myService);
        a.start();
        MyThread b = new MyThread(myService);
        b.start();
    }
    
}

读读共享

public class MyService {

    private ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
    private String username = "abc";

    public void testMethod() {
        try {
            lock.readLock().lock();
            System.out.println("begin " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  " +
                    System.currentTimeMillis());
            System.out.println("print service " + username);
            Thread.sleep(4000);
            System.out.println("    end " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " +
                    System.currentTimeMillis());
            lock.readLock().unlock();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
}

结果
在这里插入图片描述

写写互斥

public class MyService {
    
    private ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
    
    public void write() {
        try {
            try {
                lock.writeLock().lock();
                System.out.println("get writeLock " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + 
                        System.currentTimeMillis());
                Thread.sleep(10000);
            } finally {
                lock.writeLock().unlock();
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
}

结果
在这里插入图片描述
注意时间差(互斥)

读写互斥
此处各部分代码与上述均不同

业务代码

public class MyService {

    private ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
    
    public void read() {
        try {
            try {
                lock.readLock().lock();
                System.out.println("get readLock " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  " + 
                        System.currentTimeMillis());
                Thread.sleep(10000);
            } finally {
                lock.readLock().unlock();
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    public void write() {
        try {
            try {
                lock.writeLock().lock();
                System.out.println("get writeLock " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  " + 
                        System.currentTimeMillis());
                Thread.sleep(10000);
            } finally {
                lock.writeLock().unlock();
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

线程类

public class MyThread extends Thread {

    private MyService myService;

    public MyThread(MyService myService) {
        super();
        this.myService = myService;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService.read();
    }

}
public class MyThreadB extends Thread {

    private MyService myService;

    public MyThreadB(MyService myService) {
        super();
        this.myService = myService;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService.write();
    }
}

测试方法:

public class Test2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyService myService = new MyService();

        MyThread a = new MyThread(myService);
        a.setName("A");
        a.start();
        MyThreadB b = new MyThreadB(myService);
        b.setName("B");
        b.start();
    }
    
}

结果
在这里插入图片描述
注意时间差

写读互斥与上面读写互斥类似

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WakeLock是Android中的一个机制,用于控制设备的唤醒状态。通过使用WakeLock,应用程序可以防止设备进入休眠状态,从而保持屏幕常亮。 在Android中,有几种方式可以使用WakeLock。其中包括以下几种常用方法: 1. 使用PowerManager类:可以通过PowerManager类来获取WakeLock对象,并使用acquire()和release()方法来控制设备的唤醒状态。这种方式需要申请WAKE_LOCK权限。 2. 在Window设置flag:可以使用WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON标志来设置窗口的保持唤醒状态。这种方式不需要申请权限,并且可以通过在Window的布局xml文件中的顶层布局添加android:keepScreenOn="true"属性来达到相同的效果。 3. 使用WakefulBroadcastReceiver:这是一种特殊的广播接收器,可以使用它来获取WakeLock对象,并在接收到广播时启用唤醒状态。这种方式适用于特定的场景,例如在接收到特定的广播消息时保持设备唤醒状态。 根据具体的需求和使用场景,可以选择适合的WakeLock使用方法。以上是其中几种常见的方法,可以根据需要选择合适的方式来控制设备的唤醒状态。<span class="em">1</span><span class="em">2</span> #### 引用[.reference_title] - *1* *2* [WakeLock使用](https://blog.csdn.net/zmm911zmm/article/details/103134442)[target="_blank" data-report-click={"spm":"1018.2226.3001.9630","extra":{"utm_source":"vip_chatgpt_common_search_pc_result","utm_medium":"distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-cask-2~all~insert_cask~default-1-null.142^v93^chatsearchT3_2"}}] [.reference_item style="max-width: 100%"] [ .reference_list ]

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