java lock 对象_Java™ 教程（Lock对象）

Lock对象

同步代码依赖于简单的可重入锁，这种锁易于使用，但有许多限制，java.util.concurrent.locks包支持更复杂的锁定语法，我们不会详细检查这个包，而是将重点放在其最基本的接口Lock上。

Lock对象的工作方式与同步代码使用的隐式锁定非常相似，与隐式锁一样，一次只有一个线程可以拥有一个Lock对象，Lock对象还通过其关联的Condition对象支持wait/notify机制。

Lock对象优于隐式锁的最大优点是它们能够退出获取锁的尝试，如果锁立即不可用或超时到期之前(如果指定)，则tryLock方法退出，如果另一个线程在锁被获得之前发送中断，则lockInterruptibly方法将退出。

让我们使用Lock对象来解决我们在活性中看到的死锁问题，Alphonse和Gaston训练自己注意朋友什么时候要鞠躬。我们通过要求我们的Friend对象必须在继续执行bow之前获取两个参与者的锁来对此进行建模，以下是改进模型Safelock的源代码。为了演示这个语法的多功能性，我们假设Alphonse和Gaston如此迷恋他们新发现的安全鞠躬能力，他们不能停止相互鞠躬：

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

import java.util.Random;

public class Safelock {

static class Friend {

private final String name;

private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

public Friend(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public String getName() {

return this.name;

}

public boolean impendingBow(Friend bower) {

Boolean myLock = false;

Boolean yourLock = false;

try {

myLock = lock.tryLock();

yourLock = bower.lock.tryLock();

} finally {

if (! (myLock && yourLock)) {

if (myLock) {

lock.unlock();

}

if (yourLock) {

bower.lock.unlock();

}

}

}

return myLock && yourLock;

}

public void bow(Friend bower) {

if (impendingBow(bower)) {

try {

System.out.format("%s: %s has"

+ " bowed to me!%n",

this.name, bower.getName());

bower.bowBack(this);

} finally {

lock.unlock();

bower.lock.unlock();

}

} else {

System.out.format("%s: %s started"

+ " to bow to me, but saw that"

+ " I was already bowing to"

+ " him.%n",

this.name, bower.getName());

}

}

public void bowBack(Friend bower) {

System.out.format("%s: %s has" +

" bowed back to me!%n",

this.name, bower.getName());

}

}

static class BowLoop implements Runnable {

private Friend bower;

private Friend bowee;

public BowLoop(Friend bower, Friend bowee) {

this.bower = bower;

this.bowee = bowee;

}

public void run() {

Random random = new Random();

for (;;) {

try {

Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(10));

} catch (InterruptedException e) {}

bowee.bow(bower);

}

}

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

final Friend alphonse =

new Friend("Alphonse");

final Friend gaston =

new Friend("Gaston");

new Thread(new BowLoop(alphonse, gaston)).start();

new Thread(new BowLoop(gaston, alphonse)).start();

}

}