自定义协议:如何实现keepalive

什么是keepalive

Keepalive是一种技术,它可以帮助保持网络连接活跃,避免链路失效。它可以通过给双方发送定期的探测报文,来确认对侧主机是否仍然处于可用状态,并采取必要的措施保持链路的连接性、可靠性和可用性。

tcp如何实现keepalive

tcp提供了相关函数

客户端TCP keep-alive:
// 设置keep-alive参数
int optval = 1;
setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, &optval, sizeof(int));
// 设置keep-alive间隔 
optval = 10; // 10s 
setsockopt(sockfd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_KEEPIDLE, &optval, sizeof(int));
// 设置探测次数 
optval = 3; // 每10s探测3次 
setsockopt(sockfd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_KEEPCNT, &optval, sizeof(int));
// 设置探测间距 
optval = 2; // 每2s探测一次 
setsockopt(sockfd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_KEEPINTVL, &optval, sizeof(int));

http如何实现keepalive

http在1.1版本实现了keepalive
HTTP/1.1实现keep-alive的方法如下:

  1. 客户端向服务端发出请求时附带Connection: keep-alive
request = "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n" + \ 
"Host: example.com\r\n" + \
"Connection: keep-alive\r\n" + \ # 附带此行
"\r\n"
  1. 服务端正常回复,并附带上Connection: keep-alive
response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" + \ 
"Connection: keep-alive\r\n" + \ # 附带此行
"Content-Length: {}\r\n".format(len(data)) + \
"\r\n" + data
  1. 客户端重用连接,后续请求仍使用此TCP连接
request = "GET /other_url HTTP/1.1\r\n" + \ 
"Host: example.com\r\n" + \
"Connection: keep-alive\r\n" + \ # 仍然附带此行
"\r\n"

自定义协议时该怎样实现keepalive

1.客户端定时发送心跳包:客户端定时发送心跳包,服务端收到后即回复确认码,客户端收到确认码即表示连接状态正常;
2.服务端检测客户端:服务端定时检测客户端是否响应心跳包,若客户端在指定时间内未收到确认码,则关闭该连接;
C++ demo代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <cstring>
#include <fcntl.h>
using namespace std;
#defi
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以下是一个简单的Netty自定义协议的示例代码,该协议由消息头和消息体组成,消息头包含消息的长度信息,消息体包含具体的消息内容。 1. 定义消息类 ```java public class MyMessage { private int length; private String content; // getter and setter methods } ``` 2. 编写编解码器 ```java public class MyMessageCodec extends MessageToByteEncoder<MyMessage> { @Override protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MyMessage msg, ByteBuf out) throws Exception { byte[] contentBytes = msg.getContent().getBytes(CharsetUtil.UTF_8); out.writeInt(contentBytes.length); out.writeBytes(contentBytes); } } public class MyMessageDecoder extends ByteToMessageDecoder { @Override protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception { if (in.readableBytes() < 4) { return; } in.markReaderIndex(); int length = in.readInt(); if (in.readableBytes() < length) { in.resetReaderIndex(); return; } byte[] contentBytes = new byte[length]; in.readBytes(contentBytes); String content = new String(contentBytes, CharsetUtil.UTF_8); MyMessage message = new MyMessage(); message.setLength(length); message.setContent(content); out.add(message); } } ``` 3. 编写服务端和客户端代码 服务端代码: ```java public class MyServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1); EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline(); pipeline.addLast(new MyMessageDecoder()); pipeline.addLast(new MyServerHandler()); pipeline.addLast(new MyMessageCodec()); } }) .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128) .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); ChannelFuture f = b.bind(8888).sync(); f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } } public class MyServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { MyMessage message = (MyMessage) msg; System.out.println("Server receive message: " + message.getContent()); message.setContent("Hello, " + message.getContent() + "!"); ctx.writeAndFlush(message); } } ``` 客户端代码: ```java public class MyClient { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap(); b.group(workerGroup) .channel(NioSocketChannel.class) .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline(); pipeline.addLast(new MyMessageCodec()); pipeline.addLast(new MyMessageDecoder()); pipeline.addLast(new MyClientHandler()); } }); ChannelFuture f = b.connect("localhost", 8888).sync(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { MyMessage message = new MyMessage(); message.setContent("world-" + i); f.channel().writeAndFlush(message); Thread.sleep(1000); } f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } } public class MyClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { MyMessage message = (MyMessage) msg; System.out.println("Client receive message: " + message.getContent()); } } ``` 以上代码演示了如何使用Netty实现自定义协议,其中MyMessageCodec和MyMessageDecoder负责编解码,MyServer和MyServerHandler负责服务端逻辑,MyClient和MyClientHandler负责客户端逻辑。在本示例中,自定义协议包含消息头和消息体,消息头包含消息长度信息,消息体包含具体的消息内容。

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