打开相机拍照或从相册中选择照片

1.添加权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />

2.界面布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    >
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/picture"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="300dp"
        android:layout_gravity="center"/>
    <Space
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="30dp" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/take_photo"
        android:layout_width="192dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:text="打开相机" />
    <Space
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="10dp" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/choose_from_album"
        android:layout_width="192dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:text="打开相册" />

</LinearLayout>

3.Java文件

package com.example.test11;

import android.Manifest;
import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.app.Activity;

import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.media.Image;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.provider.DocumentsContract;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.FileProvider;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private final int TAKE_PHOTO = 1;
    private final int CHOOSE_PHOTO = 2;
    private ImageView picture;
    private Uri imageUri;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button takephoto = findViewById(R.id.take_photo);
        Button chooseFromAlbum = findViewById(R.id.choose_from_album);

        picture = findViewById(R.id.picture);
        takephoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //创建File对象，用于储存拍照后的图片
                File outputImage = new File(getExternalCacheDir(),"output_image.ipg");
                try {
                    if(outputImage.exists()){
                        outputImage.delete();
                    }
                    outputImage.createNewFile();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=24){
                    imageUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(MainActivity.this,
                            "com.example.cameraalbumtest.fileprovider",outputImage);
                }else{
                    imageUri = imageUri.fromFile(outputImage);
                }

                //启动相机程序
                Intent intent = new Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
                intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,imageUri);
                startActivityForResult(intent,TAKE_PHOTO);
            }
        });

        chooseFromAlbum.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this,
                    Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,
                        new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},1);
            }else openAlbum();
            }
        });
    }
    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        switch(requestCode){
            case TAKE_PHOTO:
                if(resultCode == RESULT_OK){
                    //将拍摄的照片显示出来
                    try{
                        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(
                                getContentResolver().openInputStream(imageUri));
                        picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                    }catch (Exception e){
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                break;
            case CHOOSE_PHOTO:
                if(resultCode == RESULT_OK){
                    //判断手机型号
                    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=19){
                        //4.4及以上系统使用这个方法处理图片
                        handleImageOnKitKat(data);
                    }else{
                        //4.4以下系统使用这个方法处理图片
                        handleImageBeforeKitKat(data);
                    }
                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    private void openAlbum(){
        Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT");
        intent.setType("image/*");
        startActivityForResult(intent,CHOOSE_PHOTO);
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode){
            case 1:
                if (grantResults.length>0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                    openAlbum();
                }else{
                    Toast.makeText(this,"You denied the permission",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            default:
        }
    }

    @TargetApi(19)
    private void  handleImageOnKitKat(Intent data){
        String imagePath = null;
        Uri uri = data.getData();
        if (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(this,uri)){
            //如果是Document类型的Uri，则通过document id处理
            String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
            if ("com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())){
                String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID+"="+id;
                imagePath = getImagePath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,selection);
            }else if("com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())){
                Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(
                        Uri.parse("content://dowloads/public_downloads"),Long.valueOf(docId));
                imagePath = getImagePath(contentUri,null);
            }
        }else if("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())){
            //如果是content类型的Uri,则使用普通方式处理
            imagePath = getImagePath(uri,null);
        }else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())){
            //如果是file类型的Uri,直接获取图片路径即可
            imagePath = uri.getPath();
        }
        displayImage(imagePath);//根据图片路径显示图片
    }
    private void handleImageBeforeKitKat(Intent data){
        Uri uri = data.getData();
        String imagePath = getImagePath(uri,null);
        displayImage(imagePath);
    }

    private String getImagePath(Uri uri,String selection){
        String  path = null;
        //通过Uri和selection来获取真实的图片路径
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri,null,selection,null,null);
        if(cursor != null){
            if(cursor.moveToFirst()){
                path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
            }
            cursor.close();
        }
        return path;
    }
    private void displayImage(String imagePath){
        if (imagePath != null){
            Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath);
            picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
        }else{
            Toast.makeText(this,"failed to get image",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
}