Kubernetes 中 YAML文件 和 JSON 文件 的 语法格式 与资源创建方法

前言

Kubernetes支持YAML和JSON格式创建资源对象
JSON格式用于接口之间消息的传递
YAML格式用于配置和管理
YAML是一种简洁的非标记性语言
语法格式：
缩进标识层级关系
不支持制表符（TAB键）缩进，使用空格缩进
通常开头缩进两个空格
字符后缩进一个空格，如冒号，逗号，短横杆等
“—”表示YAML格式，一个文件的开始
“#”表示注释

通过Yaml 文件，进行创建资源

查看版本名称

[root@master ~]# kubectl api-versions
admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
apiregistration.k8s.io/v1
apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
apps/v1
apps/v1beta1    //测试版
apps/v1beta2    //测试版

authentication.k8s.io/v1
authentication.k8s.io/v1beta1
authorization.k8s.io/v1
authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
autoscaling/v1
autoscaling/v2beta1
autoscaling/v2beta2
batch/v1
batch/v1beta1
certificates.k8s.io/v1beta1
coordination.k8s.io/v1beta1
events.k8s.io/v1beta1
extensions/v1beta1
networking.k8s.io/v1
policy/v1beta1
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
scheduling.k8s.io/v1beta1
storage.k8s.io/v1
storage.k8s.io/v1beta1
v1

创建 yaml 文件

[root@localhost demo]# vim nginx-deployment.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1  //应用的名称及具体的版本号
kind: Deployment     //类型
metadata:    //控制器的元信息
  name: nginx-deployment    //内容
  labels:
    app: nginx    关联的哪一个pode
spec:
  replicas: 3    副本集个数
  selector:
    matchLabels:        选择器的标签
      app: nginx
  template:            pode容器的设定
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx    指向标签
    spec:
      containers:   容器参数
      - name: nginx      名称
       image: nginx:1.15.4    镜像 
       ports:                  容器的端口
       - containerPort: 80

创建资源

[root@master demo]# kubectl create -f nginx-deployment.yaml
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created
[root@master demo]# kubectl get pods -w
NAME                              READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-7697996758-gzqms            1/1     Running             0          49m
nginx-7697996758-j6tfj            1/1     Running             0          49m
nginx-7697996758-ldfvx            1/1     Running             0          49m
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-5zhjt   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          15s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-6f6hm   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          15s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-kr7c6   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          15s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-6f6hm   1/1   Running   0     24s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-kr7c6   1/1   Running   0     31s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-5zhjt   1/1   Running   0     39s

查看资源

[root@master demo]# kubectl get pods
NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-7697996758-gzqms            1/1     Running   0          50m
nginx-7697996758-j6tfj            1/1     Running   0          50m
nginx-7697996758-ldfvx            1/1     Running   0          50m
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-5zhjt   1/1     Running   0          71s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-6f6hm   1/1     Running   0          71s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-kr7c6   1/1     Running   0          71s
[root@master demo]# kubectl get deploy
NAME               DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx              3         3         3            3           57m
nginx-deployment   3         3         3            3           7m38s

通过 yaml 发布资源

创建Yaml文件

[root@localhost demo]# vim nginx-service.yaml

apiVersion: v1    版本
kind: Service    类别
metadata:     元信息
  name: nginx-service    名称
  labels:       关联的标签
    app: nginx  
spec:    发布出去
  type: NodePort     类型
  ports:
  - port: 80   对外的端口
   targetPort: 80   容器暴露的端口
  selector:    选择器
    app: nginx
Yaml创建service
[root@master demo]# kubectl create -f nginx-service.yaml
service/nginx-service created
[root@master demo]# kubectl get svc
NAME            TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes      ClusterIP   10.0.0.1     <none>        443/TCP        26h
nginx-service   NodePort    10.0.0.67    <none>        80:38759/TCP   62s
[root@master demo]#

查看负载均衡

[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -L -n

访问节点

自动测试命令的正确性，并不执行创建

[root@master demo]# kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created (dry run)

查看生成yaml格式

查看

[root@master demo]#  kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run -o yaml
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    run: nginx-deployment
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      run: nginx-deployment
  strategy: {}
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        run: nginx-deployment
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx-deployment
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        resources: {}
status: {}

导出yaml 模板文件

[root@master demo]#  kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run -o yaml > nginx-deploy.yaml
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
[root@master demo]# ls
nginx-deployment.yaml  nginx-deploy.yaml  nginx-service.yaml

生成 json 文件 格式 模板

[root@master demo]#  kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run -o json > nginx-deploy.json
[root@master demo]# vim nginx-deploy.json

{
    "kind": "Deployment",
    "apiVersion": "apps/v1beta1",
    "metadata": {
{
    "kind": "Deployment",
    "apiVersion": "apps/v1beta1",
    "metadata": {
        "name": "nginx-deployment",
        "creationTimestamp": null,
        "labels": {
            "run": "nginx-deployment"
        }
    },
    "spec": {
        "replicas": 3,
        "selector": {
            "matchLabels": {
                "run": "nginx-deployment"
            }
        },
        "template": {
            "metadata": {
                "creationTimestamp": null,
                "labels": {
                    "run": "nginx-deployment"
                }
            },
            "spec": {
                "containers": [
                    {
                        "name": "nginx-deployment",
                        "image": "nginx",
                        "ports": [
                            {
                                "containerPort": 80
                            }
                        ],
                        "resources": {}
                    }
                ]
            }
        },

将现有的资源生成模板导出到文件

[root@master demo]#  kubectl get deploy/nginx --export -o yaml > my-deploy.yaml
[root@master demo]# ls
my-deploy.yaml      nginx-deploy.json      nginx-deploy.yaml
nginx-deploy.jason  nginx-deployment.yaml  nginx-service.yaml
[root@master demo]# vim my-deploy.yaml
[root@master demo]#

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  annotations:
    deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: "1"
  creationTimestamp: null
  generation: 1
  labels:
    run: nginx
  name: nginx
  selfLink: /apis/extensions/v1beta1/namespaces/default/deployments/nginx
spec:
  progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
  replicas: 3
  revisionHistoryLimit: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      run: nginx
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 25%
      maxUnavailable: 25%
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        run: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx:latest
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        name: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          protocol: TCP
        resources: {}
        terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
        terminationMessagePolicy: File
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      restartPolicy: Always
      schedulerName: default-scheduler
      securityContext: {}
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
status: {}
~

查看字段帮助信息

[root@master demo]# kubectl explain pods.spec.containers
KIND:     Pod
VERSION:  v1

RESOURCE: containers <[]Object>

DESCRIPTION:
     List of containers belonging to the pod. Containers cannot currently be
     added or removed. There must be at least one container in a Pod. Cannot be
     updated.

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