前几天有人问了一个这样的问题
class A
{
public:
A(){
a = new int;
}
~A(){
delete a;
}
private:
int *a;
}
class B : public A
{
public
B(){
b = new int;
}
~B(){
delete b;
}
private:
int *b;
}
int main(){
A *pa = new B(); //不能修改该行代码
delete pa;
}
问上面的程序代码哪里出现了内存泄漏的问题,应该怎么改?
分析上面的程序我们会发现,出现内存泄漏的地方很可能是没有调用B的析构函数。我们可以做一个实验,在每个构造函数和析构函数中添加一条打印信息看看到底是谁的析构函数没有调用。
class A
{
public:
A(){
a = new int;
cout << "A()" << endl;
}
~A(){
delete a;
cout << "~A()" << endl;
}
private:
int *a;
}
class B : public A
{
public
B(){
b = new int;
cout << "B()" << endl;
}
~B(){
delete b;
cout << "~B()" << endl;
}
private:
int *b;
}
int main(){
A *pa = new B(); //不能修改该行代码
delete pa;
}
运行结果:
我们发现创建对象的时候子类和父类的构造函数都被调用了,可是析构的时候只调用了父类的析构函数,这导致子类中的b指针指向的内存空间没有被释放而导致内存泄漏。
这就涉及到了C++的运行时多态的概念,我们只需要把父类和子类的析构函数定义成虚函数。这样之类在析构过程中就会正确的调用对应的析构函数,上面的问题就不会发生了
class A
{
public:
A(){
a = new int;
cout << "A()" << endl;
}
virtual ~A(){
delete a;
cout << "~A()" << endl;
}
private:
int *a;
}
class B : public A
{
public
B(){
b = new int;
cout << "B()" << endl;
}
virtual ~B(){
delete b;
cout << "~B()" << endl;
}
private:
int *b;
}
int main(){
A *pa = new B(); //不能修改该行代码
delete pa;
}
运行结果: