Linux下创建ssh密钥及免密登录

登录到Linux机器，执行命令，xxx替换成你自己的邮箱

smart@linx:~$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C '**xxx**'

在需要输入的地方按enter回车键即可，执行完成后输出信息类似：

Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save
the key (/home/smart/.ssh/id_rsa): （按回车键）
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): （按回车键）
Enter same passphrase again: （按回车键）
Your identification has been saved in /home/smart/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in
/home/smart/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:20R1pQ2xDe9c8x60DoFIQRlMi2S0HWf8SHoHPvYLl1w xxx The key’s randomart image is:
±–[RSA 2048]----+ | .++B=o. =o.| | o =o*=… O | | o +=.+.oo=| | o * ooE=| | S + =.oo+| | + . =o…| | . . o …| | . | | |
±—[SHA256]-----+

根据提示信息找到ssh目录，会看到私钥id_rsa和公钥id_rsa.pub这两个文件。我这是/home/smart/.ssh目录。
打开id_rsa.pub，会有类似如下的内容：

ssh-rsa
AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDUQEAPtWT/F79gJptiABsK5RVvJzINRoGe+m0ChMT0dI16KWKJq4UrCL348CTNe4q93zOMxdqq616z0kPgoXVOAjGw9Eu/iKzjVHHj2Ty77QLdfQqNWWnWwNz+TznWmXw7YyYC6LdovlrU4THS02g0vhJ5RMiTq20yAMML/9iWk7LhvJexZ1qKvFEF2R/oteftoTJ7wQpQzuW3v/CXIBlcOb+Qa/6vU+9d1fRykTOOaD2kApQka4OTqT7oRjqv+kFNa316/bwdOUwdIISdB4eqqMsnkA4dx3Z+TuccYI0ocb8mTxeelf6jkc1EometpzkwsxAEJDSmR0cZuCmjJc97
xxx

假如现在有两台机器node1（192.168.100.55）和node2（192.168.100.57），现在想实现从node1免密登录node2，实现方法如下：
1.先按照上面的步骤，在node1生成密钥。
2.再执行如下命令将node1的公钥认证authorized_keys复制到node2的.ssh目录下

[root@node-build .ssh]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.100.57
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.100.57's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh '192.168.100.57'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

3.重新执行ssh 192.168.100.57，会发现登录时不会要求再输入密码

[root@node-build .ssh]# ssh 192.168.100.57
Last login: Tue Jun  2 02:02:34 2020 from 192.168.100.27
[root@node7 ~]#