据说这是一道很裸的Prim模板题,网上的解释也很多。倔强的我在看了Prim生成原理后也决定自己动手写了。
STEP 1
已经相连的城市放在一个集合sele里,没选的放在队列remain里,然后每次都在remain里取出一个点,看看这个点与sele里的点哪个距离最小。输出。再把这个点归入sele。
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define N 751
#define M 1001
int n, m;
struct node
{
int x, y;
double dis[N];
}city[N];
bool sele[N];
queue <int>remain;
int ans;
int main()
{
int i, j, count;
double min;
while(~scanf("%d", &n))
{
count = 0;
for(i = 1;i <= n;i++)
scanf("%d%d", &city[i].x, &city[i].y);
for(i = 1;i <= n;i++)
for(j = 1;j <= n;j++)
city[i].dis[j] = sqrt(pow(city[i].x-city[j].x,2)+pow(city[i].y-city[j].y,2));
scanf("%d", &m);
memset(city, 0, n);
while(m--)
{
scanf("%d%d", &i, &j);
sele[i] = 1;
sele[j] = 1;
}
for(i = 1;i <= n;i++)
{
if(!sele[i])
remain.push(i);
}
while(!remain.empty())
{
min = 1e5;
j = remain.front();
for(i = 1;i <= n;i++)
{
if(sele[i])
{
double t = city[i].dis[j];
if(t < min)
{
min = t;
ans = i;
}
}
}
sele[j] = 1;
printf("%d %d\n", ans, j);
remain.pop();
}
}
return 0;
}
万万没想到,这不是prim啊!prim取的是在sele里的所有点向外连的所有线段里的最小线段。而我却是在remain里选点,显然不是滴……
而且这样的算法还会漏掉几条边。比如说1-3,2-5连起来了,1,2,3,5都被放在了sele里。如果刚好1-4连好,一切OK,那么1-3-4在一起,2-5在一起,形成了两个集合,但是它们之间却不连通呢!
STEP 2
愚蠢的我为了解决不连通的缺陷,特别设置了数组链表vector vet[n],把同在一个集合里的城市放在一个链表里,并且用order记录每个城市所在的vet序号,只有vet[1]被当作sele,当有其他vet里的城市被连进vet[1]时,该vet里的城市都被连vet[1]。由于找min是O(N^3)时间复杂度,TLE了。
进步在于这用了prim思想,确实找到了vet[1]里的所有点向外连的所有线段里的最小线段。
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
#define N 751
#define M 1001
int n, m;
struct node
{
int x, y;
double dis[N];
}city[N];
int order[N];
int main()
{
vector<int>vet[N];
int i, j, k, point;
double min;
while(~scanf("%d", &n))
{
for(i = 1;i <= n;i++)
scanf("%d%d", &city[i].x, &city[i].y);
for(i = 1;i <= n;i++)
for(j = 1;j <= n;j++)
city[i].dis[j] = sqrt(pow(city[i].x-city[j].x,2)+pow(city[i].y-city[j].y,2));
scanf("%d", &m);
for(i = 1;i <= n;i++)
order[i] = 0;
for(i = 1;i <= point;i++)
while(!vet[i].empty())
vet[i].pop_back();
point = 1;
int temp, big, change, len;
if(m)
{
scanf("%d%d", &i, &j);
order[i] = 1;
order[j] = 1;
vet[1].push_back(i);
vet[1].push_back(j);
m--;
while(m--)
{
scanf("%d%d", &i, &j);
if(!order[i] && !order[j])
{
point++;
order[i] = point, order[j] = point;
vet[point].push_back(i);
vet[point].push_back(j);
}
else if(order[i] && !order[j])
{
order[j] = order[i];
vet[order[i]].push_back(j);
}
else if(!order[i] && order[j])
{
order[i] = order[j];
vet[order[j]].push_back(i);
}
else
{
temp = order[i]<order[j]?order[i]:order[j];
big = max(order[i], order[j]);
len = vet[big].size();
for(k = len - 1;k >= 0;k--)
{
change = vet[big][k];
order[change] = temp;
vet[big].pop_back();
vet[temp].push_back(change);
}
}
}
}
else
{
order[1] = 1;
vet[1].push_back(1);
}
int count = vet[1].size();
int head, tail, num;
while(count < n)
{
double min = 1e5;
for(i = 0;i < count;i++)
{
num = vet[1][i];
for(j = 1;j <= n;j++)
{
if(order[j] != 1)
{
if(city[num].dis[j] < min)
{
min = city[num].dis[j];
head = num, tail = j;
}
}
}
}
if(!order[tail])
{
order[tail] = 1;
vet[1].push_back(tail);
}
else
{
num = order[tail];
len = vet[num].size();
for(k = len - 1;k >= 0;k--)
{
change = vet[num][k];
vet[1].push_back(change);
order[change] = 1;
vet[num].pop_back();
}
}
printf("%d %d\n", head, tail);
count = vet[1].size();
}
}
return 0;
}
STEP 3
其实只要把可能要连入的边排序完了一遍再依次找就行了,所以又改进:
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
#define N 751
#define M 1001
struct node
{
int x, y;
long long dis[N];
}city[N];
struct nod
{
int x, y;
long long dis;
}ans[N*N];
bool cmp(nod a, nod b)
{
return a.dis < b.dis;
}
vector<int>vet[N];
int n, m, i, j, k, point, order[N];
int input()
{
for(i = 1;i <= n;i++)
scanf("%d%d", &city[i].x, &city[i].y);
for(i = 1;i <= n;i++)
for(j = 1;j <= n;j++)
city[i].dis[j] = pow(city[i].x-city[j].x,2)+pow(city[i].y-city[j].y,2);
scanf("%d", &m);
for(i = 1;i <= n;i++)
order[i] = 0;
for(i = 1;i <= point;i++)
while(!vet[i].empty())
vet[i].pop_back();
}
int bute()
{
int temp, big, change, len;
if(!order[i] && !order[j])
{
point++;
order[i] = point, order[j] = point;
vet[point].push_back(i);
vet[point].push_back(j);
}
else if(order[i] && !order[j])
{
order[j] = order[i];
vet[order[i]].push_back(j);
}
else if(!order[i] && order[j])
{
order[i] = order[j];
vet[order[j]].push_back(i);
}
else
{
temp = order[i]<order[j]?order[i]:order[j];
big = max(order[i], order[j]);
len = vet[big].size();
for(k = len - 1;k >= 0;k--)
{
change = vet[big][k];
order[change] = temp;
vet[big].pop_back();
vet[temp].push_back(change);
}
}
}
int merge()
{
scanf("%d%d", &i, &j);
order[i] = 1;
order[j] = 1;
vet[1].push_back(i);
vet[1].push_back(j);
m--;
while(m--)
{
scanf("%d%d", &i, &j);
bute();
}
}
int setsum()
{
m = 0;
for(i = 1;i <= n;i++)
for(j = i;j <= n;j++)
if(i != j && !(order[i] == 1 && order[j] == 1))
{
ans[m].x = i;
ans[m].y = j;
ans[m].dis = city[i].dis[j];
m++;
}
sort(ans, ans + m, cmp);
}
int main()
{
while(~scanf("%d", &n))
{
int v = 0;
input();
point = 1;
if(!m)
{
order[1] = 1;
vet[1].push_back(1);
}
else
merge();
setsum();
for(k = 0;k < m;k++)
{
i = ans[k].x, j = ans[k].y;
if(order[i] == order[j])
continue;
bute();
printf("%d %d\n", i, j, v = 1);
}
if(!v)
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
竟然WA了....
STEP 4
经师兄指点,我的Prim理解错误,所以还是先看书吧( •̀ ω •́ )y ~~等我AC归来~~
万
万没想到,这不是prim啊