opencv从入门到精通（2）--简单图像变换

1.图像滤波

这里有到两个函数cvCreateImage和 cvSmooth( image, out, CV_GAUSSIAN, 5,5,0,0 )。
cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(image),IPL_DEPTH_8U,3)用于创建
指定大小的图像，第一个参数是尺寸，第二个参数是数据类型，
第三个参数是通道数。cvSmooth( image, out, CV_GAUSSIAN, 5,5,0,0 )
用于图像滤波，第一个参数是输入图像；第二个参数是输出图像；
第三个参数是平滑方法；5,5表示5*5邻域；
第六个参数是高斯参数的 Gaussian sigma (标准差)。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <fstream>
#include<iostream>  
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>  
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>  
#include "cv.h"              
    using namespace cv;
    using namespace std;

int main( )
{
  IplImage* image = cvLoadImage( "a1.ppm" );//输入图像
    cvNamedWindow( "Example4-in", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );//创建显示输入图像的窗口
    cvNamedWindow( "Example4-out", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );//创建显示输出图像的窗口
    cvShowImage( "Example4-in", image );//显示输入图像
    IplImage* out = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(image),IPL_DEPTH_8U,3);//创建和image大小相同的图像
    // 平滑
    cvSmooth( image, out, CV_GAUSSIAN, 5,5,0,0 );
    cvSmooth( out, out, CV_GAUSSIAN, 5, 5,0,0);
    cvShowImage( "Example4-out", out );
    cvReleaseImage( &out );
    cvWaitKey( 0 ); 
    cvDestroyWindow("Example4-in" );
    cvDestroyWindow("Example4-out" );
    cvReleaseImage( &image );
}

封装函数

1.图像缩放
cvPyrDown( in, out )使用Gaussian金字塔分解对输入图像向下采样。第一个参数是输入图像，第二个参数是输出图像，长宽为输入图像的一半。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <fstream>
#include<iostream>  
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>  
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>  
#include "cv.h"              
    using namespace cv;
    using namespace std;

IplImage* doPyrDown(IplImage* in,int filter = IPL_GAUSSIAN_5x5)
{
    assert( in->width%2 == 0 && in->height%2 == 0 );//长宽不为偶数退出

    IplImage* out= cvCreateImage(
        cvSize( in->width/2, in->height/2 ),
       in->depth,
        in->nChannels
    );
    cvPyrDown( in, out );
    return( out );
};

int main(  )
{
  IplImage* img = cvLoadImage(  "ch12_birdseye.jpg" );
  IplImage* img2 = cvCreateImage( cvSize( img->width/2,img->height/2 ), img->depth, img->nChannels);
  cvNamedWindow("Example1", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
  cvNamedWindow("Example2", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
  cvShowImage("Example1", img );
  img2 = doPyrDown( img );
  cvShowImage("Example2", img2 );
  cvWaitKey(0);
  cvReleaseImage( &img );
  cvReleaseImage( &img2 );
  cvDestroyWindow("Example1");
  cvDestroyWindow("Example2");
}

1. 边缘检测
   cvCvtColor(img_rgb, img_gry ,CV_BGR2GRAY)函数可以实现颜色空间的转换，第一个参数是输入图像，第二个参数是输出图像，第三个参数是转换形式——CV_BGR2GRAY表示转换为灰度图，输入需要是单通道图片；CV_BGR2HSV将图片从RGB空间转换为HSV空间，需要将rgb值归一化到0-1之间。
   函数 void cvCanny( const CvArr* image,CvArr* edges,double threshold1,double threshold2, int aperture_size=3 )采用 Canny 算法发现输入图像的边缘而且在输出图像中标识这些边缘。输入是灰度图，threshold1和threshold2 当中的小阈值用来控制边缘连接，大的阈值用来控制强边缘的初始分割， aperture_size是算子内核大小。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <fstream>
#include<iostream>  
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>  
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>  
#include "cv.h"              
    using namespace cv;
    using namespace std;




IplImage* doCanny(
    IplImage* in,
    double    lowThresh,
    double    highThresh,
    double    aperture)
{
    if (in->nChannels != 1)
        return(0); 
    IplImage* out = cvCreateImage( 
        cvGetSize( in ),
        in->depth,     
        1);
    cvCanny( in, out, lowThresh, highThresh, aperture );
    return( out );
};

int main( )
{
  IplImage* img_rgb = cvLoadImage( "left01.jpg" );
  IplImage* img_gry = cvCreateImage( cvSize( img_rgb->width,img_rgb->height ), img_rgb->depth, 1);
  cvCvtColor(img_rgb, img_gry ,CV_BGR2GRAY);
  cvNamedWindow("Example Gray", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
  cvNamedWindow("Example Canny", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
  cvShowImage("Example Gray", img_gry );
  IplImage* img_cny = doCanny( img_gry, 10, 100, 3 );
  cvShowImage("Example Canny", img_cny );
  cvWaitKey(0);
  cvReleaseImage( &img_rgb);
  cvReleaseImage( &img_gry);
  cvReleaseImage( &img_cny);
  cvDestroyWindow("Example Gray");
  cvDestroyWindow("Example Canny");
}

3.嵌套使用
有了之前封装的函数，就可以很方便的对图像做一系列的变换，比如缩小两次在进行边缘检测，代码为：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <fstream>
#include<iostream>  
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>  
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>  
#include "cv.h"              
    using namespace cv;
    using namespace std;
IplImage* doCanny(
    IplImage* in,
    double    lowThresh,
    double    highThresh,
    double    aperture)
{
    IplImage* out = cvCreateImage( 
        cvGetSize( in ),
        in->depth, //IPL_DEPTH_8U,    
        1);
    cvCanny( in, out, lowThresh, highThresh, aperture );
    return( out );
};

IplImage* doPyrDown(
  IplImage* in,
  int       filter = IPL_GAUSSIAN_5x5)
{

    // Best to make sure input image is divisible by two.
    //
    assert( in->width%2 == 0 && in->height%2 == 0 );

    IplImage* out = cvCreateImage( 
        cvSize( in->width/2, in->height/2 ),
        in->depth,
        in->nChannels
    );
    cvPyrDown( in, out );
    return( out );
};

int main(  )
{
  cvNamedWindow("Example Gray", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
  cvNamedWindow("Example Pyr", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
  cvNamedWindow("Example Canny", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
  IplImage* img_rgb = cvLoadImage("ch12_birdseye.jpg");
  IplImage* out;

  out = cvCreateImage( cvSize( img_rgb->width,img_rgb->height ), img_rgb->depth, 1);
  cvCvtColor(img_rgb, out ,CV_BGR2GRAY);
  cvShowImage("Example Gray", out );
  out = doPyrDown( out );
  out = doPyrDown( out );
  cvShowImage("Example Pyr", out );
  out = doCanny( out, 10, 100, 3 );
  cvShowImage("Example Canny", out );

  cvWaitKey(0);
  cvReleaseImage( &out);
  cvDestroyWindow("Example Gray");
  cvDestroyWindow("Example Pyr");
  cvDestroyWindow("Example Canny");
}

对视频的每一幅图像进行变换

#include <stdio.h>
#include <fstream>
#include<iostream>  
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>  
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>  
#include "cv.h"              
    using namespace cv;
    using namespace std;




int main( ) {
    cvNamedWindow( "Example2_10", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
    cvNamedWindow( "Log_Polar", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
    CvCapture* capture = cvCreateFileCapture("a2.mp4" );
    if (!capture){
        return -1;
    }
    IplImage* bgr_frame;
    double fps = cvGetCaptureProperty (capture, CV_CAP_PROP_FPS);//获取帧率
    printf("fps=%d\n",(int)fps);

    CvSize size = cvSize(
        (int)cvGetCaptureProperty( capture, CV_CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH),
        (int)cvGetCaptureProperty( capture, CV_CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT)
    );

    printf("frame (w, h) = (%d, %d)\n",size.width,size.height);

 CvVideoWriter* writer = cvCreateVideoWriter(  
        "D:\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\load and display an image\load and display an image\a3.mp4",                              
        CV_FOURCC('D','X','5','0'),    
        fps,
        size
    );

    IplImage* logpolar_frame = cvCreateImage(
        size,
        IPL_DEPTH_8U,
        3
    );

    IplImage* gray_frame = cvCreateImage(
        size,
        IPL_DEPTH_8U,
        1
    );

    while( (bgr_frame=cvQueryFrame(capture)) != NULL ) {
        cvShowImage( "Example2_10", bgr_frame );
        cvConvertImage(   //We never make use of this gray image
            bgr_frame,
            gray_frame,
            CV_RGB2GRAY
        );
        cvLogPolar( bgr_frame, logpolar_frame,  //This is just a fun conversion the mimic's the human visual system
                    cvPoint2D32f(bgr_frame->width/2,
                    bgr_frame->height/2), 
                    40, 
                    CV_INTER_LINEAR+CV_WARP_FILL_OUTLIERS );
        cvShowImage( "Log_Polar", logpolar_frame );
        //Sigh, on linux, depending on your ffmpeg, this often won't work ...

       cvWriteToAVI( writer, logpolar_frame );

        char c = cvWaitKey(10);
        if( c == 27 ) break;
    }

    cvReleaseVideoWriter( &writer );

    cvReleaseImage( &gray_frame );
    cvReleaseImage( &logpolar_frame );
    cvReleaseCapture( &capture );
    return 0;
}