java TCP/IP Socket编程例子

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-23 09:09:13 发布

Baple

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-23 09:09:13 发布

阅读量8.5k

点赞数

分类专栏： JAVA 网络通信文章标签： java tcp socket

JAVA 同时被 2 个专栏收录

282 篇文章 1 订阅

订阅专栏

网络通信

23 篇文章 1 订阅

订阅专栏

前一段时间刚做了个java程序和网络上多台机器的c程序通讯的项目，遵循的是TCP/IP协议，用到了java的Socket编程。网络通讯是java的强项，用TCP/IP协议可以方便的和网络上的其他程序互通消息。

先来介绍下网络协议：
    TCP/IP
        Transmission Control Protocol 传输控制协议
        Internet Protocol 互联网协议
    UDP
        User Datagram Protocol 用户数据协议

连接协议：
    分为：
    面向连接协议: Connection Oriented Protocol
    非连接协议: Connectionless Protocol

    1).面向连接协议是指两台电脑在传输数据前，先会建立一个专属的连接。就如电信局的交换机会为打电话双方提供专属连接一样。
    Internet上的面向连接协议就是TCP/IP
    特点：确认回应；分组序号；流量控制。
    TCP/IP属于可靠性传输，适合不容许有传输错误的网络程序设计使用

2).非连接协议：无专属连接，无分组，容错，距离短，可同时对多台电脑进行数据传输
Internet上的非连接协议就是UDP

TCP在网络通信上有极强的生命力，例如远程连接（Telnet）和文件传输（FTP）都需要不定长度的数据被可靠地传输。相比之下UDP操作简单，而且仅需要较少的监护，因此通常用于局域网高可靠性的分散系统中client/server应用程序。

Socket 是程序与网络间的一种接口，大部分网络应用程序都是点对点的，所谓点就是服务器端和客户端所执行的程序。Socket是用来接收和传送分组的一个端点。

java的Socket编程要用到java.net包，最常用的是net包下的6个类：InetAddress(互联网协议 (IP) 地址)类，Socket(套接字)类，ServerSocket(套接字服务器)类，DatagramSocket(发送和接收数据报包的套接字)类，DatagramPacket(数据报包)类，MulticastSocket(多播数据报套接字类用于发送和接收 IP 多播包)类，其中InetAddress、Socket、ServerSocket类是属于TCP面向连接协议，DatagramSocket、DatagramPacket和MulticastSocket类则属于UDP非连接协议的传送类。

本项目因为使用TCP/IP协议，主要用到Socket和ServerSocket类

项目代码如下

Java代码 01.package com.sse.monitor.serv;
02.
03.import java.io.DataInputStream;
04.import java.io.IOException;
05.import java.io.InputStream;
06.import java.io.OutputStream;
07.import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
08.
09.import java.net.Socket;
10.import java.net.UnknownHostException;
11.import java.util.ArrayList;
12.
13.import com.sse.monitor.bean.Message;
14.import com.sse.monitor.bean.MessageHead;
15.import com.sse.monitor.bean.ResponseMessage;
16.import com.sse.monitor.form.ListenerInvoke;
17.import com.sse.monitor.form.MainForm;
18.import com.sse.monitor.util.SwingUtils;
19.
20./**
21. * Socket套接字工厂，对外接口是静态方法 SocketFactory.request(String, String, String, int)
22. * Copyright: Copyright (c) 2008
23. * Company: conserv
24. * @author cuishen
25. * @version 1.3
26. */
27.public class SocketFactory {
28.    private Socket socket = null;
29.    private String targetIpAddress = null;
30.    private int targetPort = 0;
31.    private static SocketFactory sf = new SocketFactory();
32.
33.    public SocketFactory() {
34.    }
35.
36.    /**
37.     * 建立一条TCP/IP连接
38.     * @param targetIpAddress String 目标ip地址
39.     * @param targetPort String 目标端口
40.     * @throws IOException
41.     */
42.    private void connect(String targetIpAddress, int targetPort) throws IOException {
43.        setTargetIpAddress(targetIpAddress);
44.        setTargetPort(targetPort);
45.        if(socket == null)
46.            socket = new Socket(targetIpAddress, targetPort);
47.    }
48.
49.    /**
50.     * 这是对外接口。发送命令，接收反馈和接收message放两个线程，
51.     * 发送命令并接收反馈是短连接，所以每次执行成功后，将销毁socket并终止线程，
52.     * 接收message是长连接，所以可能会new出n个线程，建议对接收message的线程做缓存
53.     * @param commandType String 命令类型
54.     * @param commandContent String 命令内容
55.     * @param targetIP String 目标ip
56.     * @param targetPort int 目标端口
57.     */
58.    public static void request(String commandType, String commandContent, String targetIP, int targetPort) {
59.        if (commandType.equalsIgnoreCase(MessageFactory.SCAN_COMMAND)) {
60.            sf.new GetMessageSocketThread(commandType, commandContent, targetIP, targetPort);
61.        } else {
62.            sf.new RequestSocketThread(commandType, commandContent, targetIP, targetPort);
63.        }
64.    }
65.
66.    /**
67.     * 发送请求
68.     * @param commandType String 命令类型
69.     * @param commandContent String 命令内容
70.     * @param targetIp String 目标ip
71.     */
72.    private void sendRequest(String commandType, String commandContent, String targetIp) {
73.        OutputStream os = null;
74.        BufferedOutputStream bs = null;
75.        try {
76.            os = socket.getOutputStream();
77.            bs = new BufferedOutputStream(os);
78.            char[] message = MessageFactory.makeRequestMessage(targetIp, commandType, commandContent, MessageFactory.COMMAND_TRADE_CODE, MessageFactory.RIGHT_COMMAND, MessageFactory.MESSAGE_END_FLAG);
79.            for (int i = 0; i < message.length; i++)
80.                bs.write(new String(message).getBytes(), i, 1);
81.            bs.flush();
82.            SwingUtils.appendLog(MainForm.jTextArea, "发送请求：'" + commandType + "' '" + commandContent + "' '" + targetIp + "'", ReadConfig.commandStateShowLineCount);
83.        } catch (IOException e) {
84.            SwingUtils.appendLog(MainForm.jTextArea, "Error!!! 发送请求：'" + commandType + "' '" + commandContent + "' '" + targetIp + "'失败！！ " + e.getMessage(), ReadConfig.commandStateShowLineCount);
85.            e.printStackTrace();
86.        } catch (Exception e) {
87.            e.printStackTrace();
88.        } finally {
89.        }
90.    }
91.
92.    /**
93.     * 获得反馈
94.     *
95.     * @return 如果成功获得反馈，则返回true；否则返回false
96.     */
97.    private boolean getResponse() {
98.        InputStream is = null;
99.        DataInputStream di = null;
100.        boolean returnFlag = false;
101.        try {
102.            is = socket.getInputStream();
103.            di = new DataInputStream(is);
104.            byte[] temp = new byte[1];
105.            int flag = 0;
106.            ArrayList tempByteList = new ArrayList();
107.            int i = 0;
108.            while (flag != -1) {
109.                i++;
110.                flag = di.read(temp = new byte[1]);
111.                if (flag != -1)
112.                    tempByteList.add(temp);
113.                if (i == 38)
114.                    break;
115.            }
116.            if (i == 1) {
117.                SwingUtils.Error("未收到response!!!");
118.                return false;
119.            }
120.            MessageHead messageHead = MessageFactory.readHead(tempByteList);
121.
122.            SwingUtils.appendLog(MainForm.jTextArea, "收到 response", ReadConfig.commandStateShowLineCount);
123.
124.            tempByteList = new ArrayList();
125.            i = 0;
126.            while (flag != -1) {
127.                i++;
128.                flag = di.read(temp = new byte[1]);
129.                if (flag != -1)
130.                    tempByteList.add(temp);
131.                if (i == 26)
132.                    break;
133.            }
134.            byte[] length = new byte[4];
135.            di.read(length);
136.            int len = Integer.parseInt(new String(length, MessageFactory.DEFAULT_CHAR_SET).trim());
137.            flag = 0;
138.            for (int j = 0; j < (len + 37); j++) {
139.                flag = di.read(temp = new byte[1]);
140.                if (flag == -1)
141.                    break;
142.                tempByteList.add(temp);
143.            }
144.
145.            ResponseMessage rm = MessageFactory.readResponseMessage(tempByteList, len);
146.
147.            if (messageHead.getErrorCode().equals(MessageFactory.SUCCESS))
148.                returnFlag = true;
149.            else
150.                SwingUtils.Error("errorCode: " + messageHead.getErrorCode() + "; content: " + rm.getCommandContent());
151.        } catch (IOException e) {
152.            e.printStackTrace();
153.        } finally {
154.        }
155.        return returnFlag;
156.    }
157.
158.    /**
159.     * 分发消息的方法,将消息按进程名发送到对应的消息缓存
160.     *
161.     * 消息缓存ListenerInvoke.messageMap，key = machineName +
162.     * '|' + programName + '|' + processId, value = messageList
163.     * 存放messageMap里面的键名的List -- ListenerInvoke.messageMapKeyList
164.     * 进程状态缓存ListenerInvoke.processStateMap, key = machineName + '|' +
165.     * programName + '|' + processId, value = String
166.     *
167.     * @param message Message
168.     */
169.    private void distributeMess(Message message) {
170.        String machineName = message.getMachineName();
171.        String programName = message.getProgramName();
172.        String processId = message.getProcessId();
173.        String content = message.getContent();
174.        String key = machineName + '|' + programName + '|' + processId;
175.        key = key.trim();
176.        ArrayList messageList = null;
177.        if (ListenerInvoke.messageMap.get(key) == null) {
178.            synchronized (ListenerInvoke.messageMap) {
179.                if (ListenerInvoke.messageMap.get(key) == null) {
180.                    messageList = new ArrayList();
181.                    messageList.add(content);
182.                    ListenerInvoke.messageMap.put(key, messageList);
183.                }
184.            }
185.        } else {
186.            messageList = (ArrayList) ListenerInvoke.messageMap.get(key);
187.            synchronized (messageList) {
188.                if (ListenerInvoke.messageMap.get(key) != null) {
189.                    messageList.add(content);
190.                    if (!ReadConfig.threadDeleteMessCacheOrFIFO
191.                            && messageList.size() >= ReadConfig.messageCacheSizeLimit)
192.                        messageList.remove(0);
193.                }
194.            }
195.        }
196.        if (!ListenerInvoke.messageMapKeyList.contains(key)) {
197.            synchronized (ListenerInvoke.messageMapKeyList) {
198.                if (!ListenerInvoke.messageMapKeyList.contains(key))
199.                    ListenerInvoke.messageMapKeyList.add(key);
200.            }
201.        }
202.    }
203.
204.    /**
205.     * 接收message
206.     * @return Message
207.     */
208.    private boolean getMessage() {
209.        InputStream is = null;
210.        DataInputStream di = null;
211.        Message message = null;
212.        try {
213.            if (this.socket == null) return false;
214.            is = this.socket.getInputStream();
215.            if (is == null) return false;
216.            di = new DataInputStream(is);
217.            byte[] temp = new byte[1];
218.            int flag = 0;
219.            ArrayList tempByteList = new ArrayList();
220.            int i = 0;
221.            while (flag != -1) {
222.                i++;
223.                flag = di.read(temp = new byte[1]);
224.                if (flag != -1)
225.                    tempByteList.add(temp);
226.                if (i == 38)
227.                    break;
228.            }
229.            if (i == 1) return false;
230.
231.            tempByteList = new ArrayList();
232.            i = 0;
233.            while (flag != -1) {
234.                i++;
235.                flag = di.read(temp = new byte[1]);
236.                if (flag != -1)
237.                    tempByteList.add(temp);
238.                if (i == 74)
239.                    break;
240.            }
241.            byte[] length = new byte[4];
242.            di.read(length);
243.            int len = Integer.parseInt(new String(length,
244.                    MessageFactory.DEFAULT_CHAR_SET).trim());
245.            flag = 0;
246.            for (int j = 0; j < len; j++) {
247.                flag = di.read(temp = new byte[1]);
248.                if (flag == -1)
249.                    break;
250.                tempByteList.add(temp);
251.            }
252.            message = MessageFactory.readMessage(tempByteList, len);
253.            SwingUtils.appendLog(MainForm.jTextArea, "收到新 Message",
254.                    ReadConfig.commandStateShowLineCount);
255.            distributeMess(message);// 分发message
256.        } catch (IOException e) {
257.            e.printStackTrace();
258.        } finally {
259.        }
260.        return true;
261.    }
262.
263.    /**
264.     * 负责发送请求接收反馈的内部线程类，每new一个RequestSocketThread线程，
265.     * 就new一个socket，建立一条专属连接，成功接收反馈后将销毁socket，终止线程。
266.     * 将发送请求，接收反馈放进内部线程处理，是为了防止套接字阻塞造成主线程挂死。
267.     * @author cuishen
268.     * @version 1.2
269.     */
270.    class RequestSocketThread implements Runnable {
271.        private SocketFactory socketFactory;
272.        private String commandType = null;
273.        private String commandContent = null;
274.        private String targetIP = null;
275.        Thread t;
276.
277.        public RequestSocketThread(String commandType, String commandContent, String targetIP, int targetPort) {
278.            this.socketFactory = new SocketFactory();
279.            try {
280.                this.socketFactory.connect(ReadConfig.targetIpAddress, ReadConfig.targetPort);
281.            } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
282.                SwingUtils.Error("主机 IP 地址无法确定,无法建立连接！ targetIP=" + ReadConfig.targetIpAddress + ", targetPort=" + ReadConfig.targetPort);
283.                e.printStackTrace();
284.            } catch (IOException e) {
285.                SwingUtils.Error("访问被拒绝，无法建立连接，请检查网络！ targetIP=" + ReadConfig.targetIpAddress + ", targetPort=" + ReadConfig.targetPort);
286.                e.printStackTrace();
287.            }
288.            this.commandType = commandType;
289.            this.commandContent = commandContent;
290.            this.targetIP = targetIP;
291.            t = new Thread(this);
292.            t.start();
293.        }
294.
295.        public void run() {
296.            this.socketFactory.sendRequest(commandType, commandContent, targetIP);
297.            this.socketFactory.getResponse();
298.            stopThread();
299.        }
300.
301.        public void stopThread() {
302.            try {
303.                this.commandType = null;
304.                this.commandContent = null;
305.                this.targetIP = null;
306.                socketFactory.closeSocket();
307.                socketFactory = null;
308.                this.t.join(100);
309.            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
310.                e.printStackTrace();
311.            } finally {
312.                t = null;
313.            }
314.        }
315.    }
316.
317.    /**
318.     * 负责接收message的内部线程类，每new一个GetMessageSocketThread线程，
319.     * 就new一个socket，建立一条专属TCP/IP连接，getMessage是长连接，所以建议
320.     * 将该线程放入缓存方便管理
321.     * @author cuishen
322.     * @version 1.2
323.     */
324.    class GetMessageSocketThread implements Runnable {
325.        private SocketFactory socketFactory;
326.        private String commandType = null;
327.        private String commandContent = null;
328.        private String targetIP = null;
329.        Thread t;
330.        private boolean flag = false;
331.        private boolean ifGetResponse = true;
332.        private boolean ifGetMessage = true;
333.        private boolean ifSendRequest = true;
334.        private boolean ifCycle = true;
335.
336.        public GetMessageSocketThread(String commandType, String commandContent, String targetIP, int targetPort) {
337.
338.            this.socketFactory = new SocketFactory();
339.            try {
340.                this.socketFactory.connect(ReadConfig.targetIpAddress, ReadConfig.targetPort);
341.            } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
342.                SwingUtils.Error("主机 IP 地址无法确定,无法建立连接！ targetIP="
343.                        + ReadConfig.targetIpAddress + ", targetPort="
344.                        + ReadConfig.targetPort);
345.                e.printStackTrace();
346.            } catch (IOException e) {
347.                SwingUtils.Error("访问被拒绝，无法建立连接，请检查网络！ targetIP="
348.                        + ReadConfig.targetIpAddress + ", targetPort="
349.                        + ReadConfig.targetPort);
350.                e.printStackTrace();
351.            }
352.            this.commandType = commandType;
353.            this.commandContent = commandContent;
354.            this.targetIP = targetIP;
355.            t = new Thread(this);
356.            t.start();
357.        }
358.
359.        public void run() {
360.            while (ifCycle) {
361.                if (ifSendRequest) {
362.                    this.socketFactory.sendRequest(commandType, commandContent, targetIP);
363.                    ifSendRequest = false;
364.                }
365.                if (ifGetResponse) {
366.                    flag = socketFactory.getResponse();
367.                    ifGetResponse = false;
368.                }
369.                if (flag && ifGetMessage && socketFactory.socket != null) {
370.                    if (!socketFactory.getMessage()) {
371.                        try {
372.                            Thread.sleep(ReadConfig.getMessageThreadSleep);
373.                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
374.                            e.printStackTrace();
375.                        }
376.                    }
377.                }
378.            }
379.        }
380.
381.        public void stopThread() {
382.            try {
383.                this.commandType = null;
384.                this.commandContent = null;
385.                this.targetIP = null;
386.                ifGetMessage = false;
387.                ifCycle = false;
388.                socketFactory.closeSocket();
389.                socketFactory = null;
390.                this.t.join(100);
391.            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
392.                e.printStackTrace();
393.            } finally {
394.                t = null;
395.            }
396.        }
397.    }
398.
399.    /**
400.     * 关闭套接字
401.     */
402.    private void closeSocket() {
403.        try {
404.            if (!socket.isClosed())
405.                socket.close();
406.            socket = null;
407.        } catch (IOException e) {
408.            e.printStackTrace();
409.        }
410.    }
411.
412.    /**
413.     * @return the targetIpAddress
414.     */
415.    public String getTargetIpAddress() {
416.        return targetIpAddress;
417.    }
418.
419.    /**
420.     * @param targetIpAddress
421.     *            the targetIpAddress to set
422.     */
423.    public void setTargetIpAddress(String targetIpAddress) {
424.        this.targetIpAddress = targetIpAddress;
425.    }
426.
427.    /**
428.     * @return the targetPort
429.     */
430.    public int getTargetPort() {
431.        return targetPort;
432.    }
433.
434.    /**
435.     * @param targetPort
436.     *            the targetPort to set
437.     */
438.    public void setTargetPort(int targetPort) {
439.        this.targetPort = targetPort;
440.    }
441.
442.}

以上是Socket编程，ServerSocket在项目里没有用到，但是我也写了个包装类供参考

Java代码 01.package com.sse.monitor.serv;
02.
03.import java.io.IOException;
04.import java.net.ServerSocket;
05.import java.net.Socket;
06.
07./**
08. * 服务器套接字工厂
09. * Copyright: Copyright (c) 2008
10. * @author cuishen
11. * @version 1.0
12. */
13.public class ServerSocketFactory {
14.    private static ServerSocket server;
15.    private static Socket client;
16.    private boolean ifRunServer = true;
17.
18.    public void runServer(int port) throws IOException {
19.        //本地建立一个套接字服务器，等待其他机器访问
20.        server = new ServerSocket(port);
21.        System.out.println("Socket Server Start...");
22.        new ServerThread();
23.    }
24.
25.
26.    class ServerThread implements Runnable {
27.        Thread t;
28.
29.        public ServerThread() {
30.            t = new Thread(this);
31.            t.start();
32.        }
33.
34.        public void run() {
35.            try {
36.                while(ifRunServer) {
37.                    if(client == null) client = server.accept();
38.                    if(client != null) //getMessage();
39.                    Thread.sleep(ReadConfig.serverThreadSleep);
40.                }
41.            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
42.                e.printStackTrace();
43.            }
44.            catch (IOException e) {
45.                e.printStackTrace();
46.            }
47.        }
48.        public void stopThread() {
49.            try {
50.                ifRunServer = false;
51.                this.t.join(100);
52.            } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
53.                System.out.println("socket服务器线程终止异常！！！");
54.            } finally {
55.                t = null;
56.            }
57.        }
58.    }
59.}

Socket编程就是运用Socket或者ServerSocket类搭配线程来使用(由于TCP/IP属于可靠性传输，不会丢包)。可能会因为在发送请求或者接受消息时Socket阻塞而导致主线程挂死，因此发送请求、接收消息的方法要放进子线程里处理；对于同一目标ip和端口，在同一个子线程里只能new一个Socket，也就是说，要对同一地址建立多条连接，就要开启多个线程。而且注意连接可能会因作用不同分长连接和短连接，要分别处理，本项目中发送请求和接受message就分别属于短连接和长连接，因此分别开发了RequestSocketThread和GetMessageSocketThread两个子线程区分对待。可以同时开发个Message类来封装打包和解包消息的方法(项目中开发MessageFactory.java)，方便调用

【转自】hehffyy http://www.360doc.com/userhome.aspx?userid=1332348&cid=40