Spring MVC参数类型解析(form 表单, json 和 form-data自动兼容)

在 Java 中，一个接口只支持一种 content-type，json 就用 @RequestBody，form 表单就用 @RequestParam 或不写，form-data 就用 MultipartFile。

 form 表单, json 和 form-data自动兼容

1. 自定义注解

@Target(ElementType.PARAMETER)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface ParamDecode {
}

2. 自定义注解解析

public class ParamDecodeMethodProcessor implements HandlerMethodArgumentResolver {

    private GameFormMethodArgumentResolver formResolver;
    private GameJsonMethodArgumentResolver jsonResolver;

    public ParamDecodeProcessor() {
        List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters = new ArrayList<>();
        ParamMessageConverter converter = new ParamMessageConverter();
        messageConverters.add(converter);
        jsonResolver = new GameJsonMethodArgumentResolver(messageConverters);
        formResolver = new GameFormMethodArgumentResolver();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
        ParamDecode ann = parameter.getParameterAnnotation(ParamDecode.class);
        return (ann != null);
    }

    @Override
    public Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter methodParameter, ModelAndViewContainer modelAndViewContainer, NativeWebRequest nativeWebRequest, WebDataBinderFactory webDataBinderFactory) throws Exception {
        ServletRequest servletRequest = nativeWebRequest.getNativeRequest(ServletRequest.class);
        String contentType = servletRequest.getContentType();
        if (contentType == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("不支持contentType");
        }

        if (contentType.contains("application/json")) {
            return jsonResolver.resolveArgument(methodParameter, modelAndViewContainer, nativeWebRequest, webDataBinderFactory);
        }

        if (contentType.contains("application/x-www-form-urlencoded")) {
            return formResolver.resolveArgument(methodParameter, modelAndViewContainer, nativeWebRequest, webDataBinderFactory);
        }

        if (contentType.contains("multipart")) {
            return formResolver.resolveArgument(methodParameter, modelAndViewContainer, nativeWebRequest, webDataBinderFactory);
        }

        throw new IllegalArgumentException("不支持contentType");
    }
}

3. 添加到 spring configuration

    @Bean
    public MyMvcConfigurer mvcConfigurer() {
        return new MyMvcConfigurer();
    }

    public static class MyMvcConfigurer implements WebMvcConfigurer {
        public void addArgumentResolvers(List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> resolvers) {
            resolvers.add(new ParamDecodeMethodProcessor());
        }
    }

4. form-data 的特殊处理

引入 jar 包

    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
      <version>2.4</version>
    </dependency>

新增解析 bean

@Bean(name = "multipartResolver")
public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(){
    CommonsMultipartResolver resolver = new CommonsMultipartResolver();
    resolver.setDefaultEncoding("UTF-8");
    resolver.setResolveLazily(true);//resolveLazily属性启用是为了推迟文件解析，以在在UploadAction中捕获文件大小异常
    resolver.setMaxInMemorySize(40960);
    resolver.setMaxUploadSize(50*1024*1024);//上传文件大小 50M 50*1024*1024
    return resolver;
}

特殊说明，GameJsonMethodArgumentResolver 和 GameFormMethodArgumentResolver 是我们自定义的 json 和 form 解析，如果你没有自定义的，使用 spring 默认的 ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor 和 RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor 也可以。

只需将 @RequestParam 注解改为 @ParamDecode，接口即可同时兼容三种 content-type。

其流程为，spring 启动的时候，MyMvcConfigurer 调用 addArgumentResolvers 方法将 ParamDecodeMethodProcessor 注入，接到请求时，supportsParameter 方法判断是否使用此 resolver，如果为 true，则进入 resolveArgument 方法执行。

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Base64;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.http.HttpInputMessage;
import org.springframework.http.HttpOutputMessage;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.converter.AbstractHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotWritableException;
import org.springframework.util.StreamUtils;

public class ParamMessageConverter extends AbstractHttpMessageConverter<Serializable> {
    private Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ParamMessageConverter.class);

    public ParamMessageConverter() {
        // 构造方法中指明consumes（req）和produces（resp）的类型，指明这个类型才会使用这个converter
        super(new MediaType("application", "param-decode", Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
    }

    @Override
    protected boolean supports(Class<?> clazz) {
        // 使用Serializable，这里可以直接返回true
        // 使用object，这里还要加上Serializable接口实现类判断
        // 根据自己的业务需求加上其他判断
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    protected Serializable readInternal(Class<? extends Serializable> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage)
            throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException {
        byte[] bytes = StreamUtils.copyToByteArray(inputMessage.getBody());
        // base64使得二进制数据可视化，便于测试
        ByteArrayInputStream bytesInput = new ByteArrayInputStream(Base64.getDecoder().decode(bytes));
        ObjectInputStream objectInput = new ObjectInputStream(bytesInput);
        try {
            return (Serializable) objectInput.readObject();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            LOGGER.error("exception when java deserialize, the input is:{}", new String(bytes, "UTF-8"), e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void writeInternal(Serializable t, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)
            throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {
        ByteArrayOutputStream bytesOutput = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream objectOutput = new ObjectOutputStream(bytesOutput);
        objectOutput.writeObject(t);
        // base64使得二进制数据可视化，便于测试
        outputMessage.getBody().write(Base64.getEncoder().encode(bytesOutput.toByteArray()));
    }

}