进程间通信之消息队列

消息队列由操作系统提供，一个进程向另一个进程发送有类型数据块。

生命周期：随内核。

消息队列的实现：

 
 

  
  comm.h:
 
 
 
 

  
  #ifndef _COMM_H_
 
 
 
 

  
  #define _COMM_H_
 
 
 
 

  
  #include<stdio.h>
 
 
 
 

  
  #include<sys/types.h>
 
 
 
 

  
  #include<sys/ipc.h>
 
 
 
 

  
  #include<sys/msg.h>
 
 
 
 

  
  #include<string.h>
 
 
 
 

  
  #define PATHNAME "."
 
 
 
 

  
  #define PROJ_ID 0x6666
 
 
 
 

  
  #define SERVER_TYPE 1
 
 
 
 

  
  #define CLIENT_TYPE 2
 
 
 
 

  
  #define SIZE 128
 
 
 
 

  
  struct msgbuf
 
 
 
 

  
  {
 
 
 
 
    
  
  long mtype;
 
 
 
 
    
  
  char mtext[SIZE];
 
 
 
 

  
  };
 
 
 
 

  
  int createMsgQueue();
 
 
 
 

  
  int getMsgQueue();
 
 
 
 

  
  int sendMsg(int msgid,long type,const char* msg);
 
 
 
 

  
  int recvMsg(int msgid,long type,char out[]);
 
 
 
 

  
  int destroyMsgQueue(int);
 
 
 
 

  
  #endif
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

  
  comm.c:
 
 
 
 

  
  #include "comm.h"
 
 
 
 

  
  int commMsgQueue(int flag)
 
 
 
 

  
  {
 
 
 
 
    
  
  key_t k=ftok(PATHNAME,PROJ_ID);
 
 
 
 
    
  
  if(k<
  
  0)
 
 
 
 

  
      {
 
 
 
 

  
          perror(
  
  "ftok");
 
 
 
 
        
  
  return -
  
  1;
 
 
 
 

  
      }
 
 
 
 
    
  
  //int msg_id = msgget(k,IPC_CREAT|IPC_EXCL|0666);
 
 
 
 
    
  
  int msg_id = msgget(k,flag);
 
 
 
 
    
  
  if(msg_id<
  
  0)
 
 
 
 

  
      {
 
 
 
 

  
          perror(
  
  "msgget");
 
 
 
 
        
  
  return -
  
  2;
 
 
 
 

  
      }
 
 
 
 
    
  
  return msg_id;
 
 
 
 

  
  }
 
 
 
 

  
  int createMsgQueue()
 
 
 
 

  
  {
 
 
 
 
    
  
  return commMsgQueue(IPC_CREAT|IPC_EXCL|
  
  0666);
 
 
 
 

  
  }
 
 
 
 

  
  int getMsgQueue()
 
 
 
 

  
  {
 
 
 
 
    
  
  return commMsgQueue(IPC_CREAT);
 
 
 
 

  
  }
 
 
 
 

  
  int sendMsg(int msgid,long type,const char* info)
 
 
 
 

  
  {
 
 
 
 
    
  
  struct msgbuf msg;
 
 
 
 

  
      msg.mtype=type;
 
 
 
 
    
  
  strcpy(msg.mtext,info);
 
 
 
 
    
  
  if(msgsnd(msgid,&msg,
  
  sizeof(msg.mtext),
  
  0)<
  
  0)
 
 
 
 

  
      {
 
 
 
 

  
          perror(
  
  "msgsnd");
 
 
 
 
        
  
  return -
  
  1;
 
 
 
 

  
      }
 
 
 
 
    
  
  return 
  
  0;
 
 
 
 

 
 

  
  }
 
 
 
 

  
  int recvMsg(int msgid,long type,char out[])
 
 
 
 

  
  {
 
 
 
 
    
  
  struct msgbuf msg;
 
 
 
 
    
  
  if(msgrcv(msgid,&msg,
  
  sizeof(msg.mtext),type,
  
  0)<
  
  0)
 
 
 
 

  
      {
 
 
 
 

  
          perror(
  
  "msgrcv");
 
 
 
 
        
  
  return -
  
  1;
 
 
 
 

  
      }
 
 
 
 
    
  
  strcpy(out,msg.mtext);
 
 
 
 
    
  
  return 
  
  0;
 
 
 
 

  
  }
 
 
 
 

  
  int destroyMsgQueue(int msgid)
 
 
 
 

  
  {
 
 
 
 
    
  
  if(msgctl(msgid,IPC_RMID ,
  
  NULL)<
  
  0)
 
 
 
 

  
      {
 
 
 
 

  
          perror(
  
  "msgctl");
 
 
 
 
        
  
  return -
  
  3;
 
 
 
 

  
      }
 
 
 
 
    
  
  return 
  
  0;
 
 
 
 

  
  }
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

  
  server.c:
 
 
 
 

  
  #include "comm.h"
 
 
 
 

  
  int main()
 
 
 
 

  
  {
 
 
 
 
    
  
  int msgid = createMsgQueue();
 
 
 
 
    
  
  printf(
  
  "msgid:%d\n",msgid);
 
 
 
 
    
  
  //sleep(5);
 
 
 
 
    
  
  //const char* msg="hello bit\n";
 
 
 
 
    
  
  char buf[SIZE];
 
 
 
 
    
  
  while(
  
  1)
 
 
 
 

  
      {  
  
  // recv -->send
 
 
 
 

  
          recvMsg(msgid,CLIENT_TYPE,buf);
 
 
 
 
        
  
  printf(
  
  "client# %s\n",buf);
 
 
 
 
        
  
  printf(
  
  "please enter# ");
 
 
 
 

  
          fflush(
  
  stdout);
 
 
 
 
        
  
  ssize_t s=read(
  
  0,buf,
  
  sizeof(buf)-
  
  1);
 
 
 
 
        
  
  if(s>
  
  0)
 
 
 
 

  
          {
 
 
 
 

  
              buf[s-
  
  1]=
  
  '\0';
 
 
 
 

  
              sendMsg(msgid,SERVER_TYPE,buf);
 
 
 
 

  
          }
 
 
 
 
        
  
  //sleep(1);
 
 
 
 

  
      }
 
 
 
 

  
      destroyMsgQueue(msgid);
 
 
 
 
    
  
  return 
  
  0;
 
 
 
 

  
  }
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

  
  client.c:
 
 
 
 

  
  #include "comm.h"
 
 
 
 

  
  int main()
 
 
 
 

  
  {
 
 
 
 
    
  
  int msgid = getMsgQueue();
 
 
 
 
    
  
  printf(
  
  "msgid:%d\n",msgid);
 
 
 
 
    
  
  char buf[SIZE];
 
 
 
 
    
  
  while(
  
  1)
 
 
 
 

  
      {  
  
  // send --> recv
 
 
 
 
        
  
  printf(
  
  "please enter# ");
 
 
 
 

  
          fflush(
  
  stdout);
 
 
 
 
        
  
  ssize_t s=read(
  
  0,buf,
  
  sizeof(buf)-
  
  1);
 
 
 
 
        
  
  if(s>
  
  0)
 
 
 
 

  
          {
 
 
 
 

  
              buf[s-
  
  1]=
  
  '\0';
 
 
 
 

  
              sendMsg(msgid,CLIENT_TYPE,buf);
 
 
 
 

  
          }
 
 
 
 

  
          recvMsg(msgid,SERVER_TYPE,buf);
 
 
 
 
        
  
  printf(
  
  "server# %s\n",buf);
 
 
 
 

  
      }
 
 
 
 
    
  
  return 
  
  0;
 
 
 
 

  
  }
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

  
  Makefile:
 
 
 
 

  
  client_=client
 
 
 
 

  
  server_=server
 
 
 
 

  
  cc=gcc
 
 
 
 

  
  cliSrc = client.c comm.c
 
 
 
 

  
  serSrc = server.c comm.c
 
 
 
 

  
  .PHONY:all
 
 
 
 

  
  all:$(client_) $(server_)
 
 
 
 

  
  $(client_):$(cliSrc)
 
 
 
 

  
      $(cc) -o $@ $^
 
 
 
 

 
 

  
  $(server_):$(serSrc)
 
 
 
 

  
      $(cc) -o $@ $^
 
 
 
 

  
  .PHONY:clean
 
 
 
 

  
  clean:
 
 
 
 

  
      rm -f $(client_) $(server_)