【MySQL】 - 实战（二） 复杂项目

项目十：行程和用户（难度：困难）
Trips 表中存所有出租车的行程信息。每段行程有唯一键 Id，Client_Id 和 Driver_Id 是 Users 表中 Users_Id 的外键。Status 是枚举类型，枚举成员为 (‘completed’, ‘cancelled_by_driver’, ‘cancelled_by_client’)。

Id	Client_Id	Driver_Id	City_Id	Status	Request_at
1	1	10	1	completed	2013-10-01
2	2	11	1	cancelled_by_driver	2013-10-01
3	3	12	6	completed	2013-10-01
4	4	13	6	cancelled_by_client	2013-10-01
5	1	10	1	completed	2013-10-02
6	2	11	6	completed	2013-10-02
7	3	12	6	completed	2013-10-02
8	2	12	12	completed	2013-10-03
9	3	10	12	completed	2013-10-03
10	4	13	12	cancelled_by_driver	2013-10-03

Users 表存所有用户。每个用户有唯一键 Users_Id。Banned 表示这个用户是否被禁止，Role 则是一个表示（‘client’, ‘driver’, ‘partner’）的枚举类型。

Users_Id	Banned	Role
1	No	client
2	Yes	client
3	No	client
4	No	client
10	No	driver
11	No	driver
12	No	driver
13	No	driver

写一段 SQL 语句查出 2013年10月1日 至 2013年10月3日 期间非禁止用户的取消率。基于上表，你的 SQL 语句应返回如下结果，取消率（Cancellation Rate）保留两位小数。

Day	Cancellation Rate
2013-10-01	0.33
2013-10-02	0.00
2013-10-03	0.50

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Trips (
Id         INT, 
Client_Id  INT, 
Driver_Id  INT, 
City_Id    INT, 
Status     ENUM('completed', 'cancelled_by_driver', 'cancelled_by_client'), 
Request_at VARCHAR(50)
);

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Users (
Users_Id INT, 
Banned   VARCHAR(50), 
Role     ENUM('client', 'driver', 'partner')
);


TRUNCATE TABLE Trips;
INSERT INTO Trips (Id, Client_Id, Driver_Id, City_Id, Status, Request_at) VALUES ('1', '1', '10', '1', 'completed', '2013-10-01');
INSERT INTO Trips (Id, Client_Id, Driver_Id, City_Id, Status, Request_at) VALUES ('2', '2', '11', '1', 'cancelled_by_driver', '2013-10-01');
INSERT INTO Trips (Id, Client_Id, Driver_Id, City_Id, Status, Request_at) VALUES ('3', '3', '12', '6', 'completed', '2013-10-01');
INSERT INTO Trips (Id, Client_Id, Driver_Id, City_Id, Status, Request_at) VALUES ('4', '4', '13', '6', 'cancelled_by_client', '2013-10-01');
INSERT INTO Trips (Id, Client_Id, Driver_Id, City_Id, Status, Request_at) VALUES ('5', '1', '10', '1', 'completed', '2013-10-02');
INSERT INTO Trips (Id, Client_Id, Driver_Id, City_Id, Status, Request_at) VALUES ('6', '2', '11', '6', 'completed', '2013-10-02');
INSERT INTO Trips (Id, Client_Id, Driver_Id, City_Id, Status, Request_at) VALUES ('7', '3', '12', '6', 'completed', '2013-10-02');
INSERT INTO Trips (Id, Client_Id, Driver_Id, City_Id, Status, Request_at) VALUES ('8', '2', '12', '12', 'completed', '2013-10-03');
INSERT INTO Trips (Id, Client_Id, Driver_Id, City_Id, Status, Request_at) VALUES ('9', '3', '10', '12', 'completed', '2013-10-03');
INSERT INTO Trips (Id, Client_Id, Driver_Id, City_Id, Status, Request_at) VALUES ('10', '4', '13', '12', 'cancelled_by_driver', '2013-10-03');

TRUNCATE TABLE Users;
INSERT INTO Users (Users_Id, Banned, Role) VALUES ('1',  'No',  'client');
INSERT INTO Users (Users_Id, Banned, Role) VALUES ('2',  'Yes', 'client');
INSERT INTO Users (Users_Id, Banned, Role) VALUES ('3',  'No',  'client');
INSERT INTO Users (Users_Id, Banned, Role) VALUES ('4',  'No',  'client');
INSERT INTO Users (Users_Id, Banned, Role) VALUES ('10', 'No',  'driver');
INSERT INTO Users (Users_Id, Banned, Role) VALUES ('11', 'No',  'driver');
INSERT INTO Users (Users_Id, Banned, Role) VALUES ('12', 'No',  'driver');
INSERT INTO Users (Users_Id, Banned, Role) VALUES ('13', 'No',  'driver');

SELECT t.Request_at AS Day , 
-- select里面可以直接用聚合函数
ROUND(SUM(CASE 
				WHEN t.`Status`= 'completed'
				THEN 0 
				ELSE 1 
				END) / COUNT(*),2) AS CancellationRate
FROM Trips t
-- 不管用哪个JOIN，结果都是正确的
JOIN users u
-- 表连接的约束用ON
ON t.Client_Id=u.Users_Id AND u.Banned='No'
-- 查询的约束用WHERE
WHERE t.Request_at BETWEEN '2013-10-01' AND '2013-10-03'
-- 列出经过上面各种条件筛选后每组的结果
GROUP BY t.Request_at;

项目十一：各部门前3高工资的员工（难度：中等）

将昨天employee表清空，重新插入以下数据（其实是多插入5,6两行）：

Id	Name	Salary	DepartmentId
1	Joe	70000	1
2	Henry	80000	2
3	Sam	60000	2
4	Max	90000	1
5	Janet	69000	1
6	Randy	85000	1
----	-------	--------	--------------

编写一个 SQL 查询，找出每个部门工资前三高的员工。例如，根据上述给定的表格，查询结果应返回：

Department	Employee	Salary
IT	Max	90000
IT	Randy	85000
IT	Joe	70000
Sales	Henry	80000
Sales	Sam	60000

此外，请考虑实现各部门前N高工资的员工功能。

TRUNCATE TABLE Employee;           
INSERT INTO Employee VALUES(1,'Joe',70000,1);  
INSERT INTO Employee VALUES(2,'Henry',80000,2);  
INSERT INTO Employee VALUES(3,'Sam',60000,2);  
INSERT INTO Employee VALUES(4,'Max',90000,1);  
INSERT INTO Employee VALUES(5,'Janet',69000,1);  
INSERT INTO Employee VALUES(6,'Randy',85000,1);  

SELECT Department.Name AS Department, 
       e1.Name AS Employee, 
	   e1.Salary AS Salary
FROM Employee e1
JOIN Department
ON e1.DepartmentId = Department.Id
WHERE 3 >   (
            SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT e2.Salary) 
            FROM Employee e2
            WHERE e2.Salary > e1.Salary AND e1.DepartmentId = e2.DepartmentId
            )
ORDER BY Department.Name, e1.Salary DESC

项目十二 分数排名 - （难度：中等）
依然是昨天的分数表，实现排名功能，但是排名是非连续的，如下：

Score	Rank
4.00	1
4.00	1
3.85	3
3.65	4
3.65	4
3.50	6

SELECT FORMAT(s1.Score, 2),
 (SELECT COUNT(Score) FROM score s2
WHERE s2.Score > s1.Score) + 1 Rank
FROM score s1
ORDER BY s1.Score DESC;