Swift的map,filter,reduce，flatMap,compactMap 高阶函数的使用

   //高阶函数 map，flatMap,reduce，filter的区别
        //map方法获取一个闭包表达式作为其参数，数组里面的元素每调用一次闭包，就返回闭包所映射的值
        let stringArray = ["array","ios"];
        
       let m =  stringArray.map { (string) -> Int in
            
        return string.count
        }
        
        let strs = stringArray.map { (string) -> String in
            
          return  "$\(string)"
            
        }
        
         let array = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9],nil]
        
        let arrayNew = array.flatMap { changearray -> Array<Any> in
            
            return changearray ?? []
        }
        
         let hm = array.flatMap { testm-> Array<Any> in
            
            testm?.filter({ (h) -> Bool in
                
              return  h>3
            }) ?? []
            
        }
        //gao j
        let mapSum = array.map { mapm -> Int in  //计算二维数组中每一个一维数组的值
            
            mapm?.reduce(0, { (m1, m2) -> Int in
                
                return m1+m2;
            }) ?? 0
        }
        
        print("mapSum的值是",mapSum)
        
        print("hm的值是",hm)
    
//        FlatMap和Map的区别是 flatMap可以将二维数组转换成一维数组，并且不会返回数组中的nil，同时会自动解包
        
        print("新的结果",arrayNew)
        
        
        
        
        print(m);
        
        //filter方法用于过滤元素，即筛选出数组元素中满足某些条件的元素
        
        let prices = [20,30,40];
        
        let result = prices.filter { (m) -> Bool in
            
            return m > 25
            
        }
        
        print("筛选结果",result)
        
       //reduce方法把数组元素组合计算为一个值，并且可以接受一个初始值，这个初始值可以和r数组中的元素类型不同
        let sum = prices.reduce(80) { (n1, n2) -> Int in
            
            return n1+n2;
        }
        
        print("计算结果",sum)
        
        //高阶函数的链式使用
        
        let numbers = [4,5,8,2,9,7]
        
        let evenSquares = numbers.map { (m) -> Int in
            
           return m*m
            }.filter { h -> Bool in
                
                return h>20
        }
        
        print("链式使用后的结果",evenSquares)
        
        
       //compactMap 类型转换
        let nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
        
        let hresult = nums.compactMap { (item) -> String? in
            
            return "\(item)"
        }
        
        print("结果是",hresult)