Docker 引擎（CentOS系统）安装教程

一、Docker安装（CentOS系统）

官网参考手册：https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/

前期准备

要安装 Docker 引擎，您需要 CentOS 7 或 8 的维护版本。不支持或测试存档版本。

# 查看当前系统版本
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
#查看内核版本（不低于3.10）
[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64

查看docker是否已安装

# 如下显示，则未安装
[root@localhost ~]# docker version
-bash: docker: 未找到命令

# 若已安装，需要换版本时，删除旧版本
[root@localhost ~]# 
sudo yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine

安装依赖及Docker

#安装依赖
[root@localhost ~]#
        sudo yum install -y yum-utils \
                  device-mapper-persistent-data \
                  lvm2
# 依赖安装后，修改Docker 仓库
[root@localhost ~]#
        sudo yum-config-manager \
                  --add-repo \
                  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 在存储库中列出可用版本
[root@localhost ~]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.7-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.6-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.5-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.4-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.3-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
......
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.3.ce-1.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable

# 安装docker，中间提示，输入y即可。
#        安装最新版：sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
#        安装指定版：sudo yum install docker-ce-<VERSION_STRING> docker-ce-cli-<VERSION_STRING> containerd.io
#                           例：sudo yum install docker-ce-20.10.6 docker-ce-cli-20.10.6  containerd.io
[root@localhost ~]# sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

......
已安装:
  containerd.io.x86_64 0:1.4.9-3.1.el7                             docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.7-3.el7                             docker-ce-cli.x86_64 1:20.10.7-3.el7

作为依赖被安装:
  audit-libs-python.x86_64 0:2.8.5-4.el7    checkpolicy.x86_64 0:2.5-8.el7               container-selinux.noarch 2:2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8   docker-ce-rootless-extras.x86_64 0:20.10.7-3.el7
  docker-scan-plugin.x86_64 0:0.8.0-3.el7   fuse-overlayfs.x86_64 0:0.7.2-6.el7_8        fuse3-libs.x86_64 0:3.6.1-4.el7                      libcgroup.x86_64 0:0.41-21.el7
  libsemanage-python.x86_64 0:2.5-14.el7    policycoreutils-python.x86_64 0:2.5-34.el7   python-IPy.noarch 0:0.75-6.el7                       setools-libs.x86_64 0:3.3.8-4.el7
  slirp4netns.x86_64 0:0.4.3-4.el7_8

完毕！

验证

[root@localhost ~]# docker --version
Docker version 20.10.7, build f0df350

启动Docker

[root@localhost ~]#  sudo systemctl start docker

验证hello-world

[root@localhost ~]# sudo docker run hello-world
Hello from Docker!
......
For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

设置开机启动

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable docker.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

卸载Docker

[root@localhost ~]#  sudo yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

二、Docker使用（CentOS系统）

查看安装包

[root@localhost ~]# yum list installed | grep docker

删除安装包

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y remove xxxx

删除镜像、容器、配置文件等内容

[root@localhost ~]# sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker
[root@localhost ~]# sudo rm -rf /var/lib/containerd

删除所有数据卷

[root@localhost ~]# docker volume rm $(sudo docker volume ls -q)

查看正在运行的Docker容器

[root@localhost test-network]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

查看全部的Docker容器

[root@localhost test-network]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND    CREATED        STATUS                    PORTS     NAMES
8048ec9181c4   hello-world   "/hello"   44 hours ago   Exited (0) 44 hours ago             sharp_leakey
2c4cb4d5c443   hello-world   "/hello"   45 hours ago   Exited (0) 45 hours ago             compassionate_mirzakhani
1568df53b91f   hello-world   "/hello"   45 hours ago   Exited (0) 45 hours ago             bold_neumann

删除Docker容器

# 删除前查看
[root@localhost test-network]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND    CREATED        STATUS                    PORTS     NAMES
8048ec9181c4   hello-world   "/hello"   44 hours ago   Exited (0) 44 hours ago             sharp_leakey
2c4cb4d5c443   hello-world   "/hello"   45 hours ago   Exited (0) 45 hours ago             compassionate_mirzakhani
1568df53b91f   hello-world   "/hello"   45 hours ago   Exited (0) 45 hours ago             bold_neumann

# 若要删除一个运行中的容器，需要加-f参数: docker rm -f  <CONTAINER ID>
[root@localhost test-network]# docker rm -f 2c4cb4d5c443
2c4cb4d5c443

# 删除后查看
[root@localhost test-network]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND    CREATED        STATUS                    PORTS     NAMES
8048ec9181c4   hello-world   "/hello"   45 hours ago   Exited (0) 45 hours ago             sharp_leakey
1568df53b91f   hello-world   "/hello"   45 hours ago   Exited (0) 45 hours ago             bold_neumann