数据库day2

一.按条件表达式筛选
1.查询工资>12000的员工信息

SELECT 
	* 
FROM 
	employees 
WHERE 
	salary>12000;

2.查询部门编号不等于90的员工名和部门编号

SELECT 
        last_name,department_id 
FROM    
        employees 
WHERE 
        department_id<>90;

二.按逻辑表达式筛选

1.
SELECT 
	last_name,salary,commission_pct 
FROM 
	employees 
WHERE 
	salary>=10000 AND salary<=20000;  

2.
SELECT 
	* 
FROM 
	employees 
WHERE 
	department_id<90 OR department_id>110 OR salary>15000;

等同于

SELECT 
	* 
FROM 
	employees 
WHERE 
	NOT(department_id>=90 AND department_id<=110) OR salary>15000;

三.模糊查询

/*
like
一般和通配符搭配使用
通配符：%任意多个字符
        _任意单个字符
between and
in
is null|is not null
*/

like
1.查询员工名中包含字符a的员工信息

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE last_name LIKE '%a%';

2.查询员工名中第三个字符为n，第五个字符为l的员工名和工资

SELECT last_name,salary FROM employees WHERE last_name LIKE '__n_l%';

3.查询员工名中第二个字符为_的员工名

SELECT last_name FROM employees WHERE last_name LIKE '_\_%';

SELECT last_name FROM employees WHERE last_name LIKE '_$_%' ESCAPE '$';

between and

/*
1.提高语句简洁度
2.包含左右边界
*/

1.查询员工编号在100-120之间的员工信息

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE employee_id BETWEEN 100 AND 120;

in

/*
判断某字段的值是否属于in列表中的某一项
比or提高了语句简洁度
in列表的值类型必须一致或兼容
不支持通配符
*/

查询员工的工种编号是 IT_PROG、AD_VP、AD_PRES中的一个员工名和工种编号

SELECT last_name,job_id FROM employees WHERE job_id='IT_PROT' OR job_id='AD_VP' OR job_id='AD_PRES';

SELECT last_name,job_id FROM employees WHERE job_id IN('IT_PROT' , 'AD_VP' , 'AD_PRES');

is null

/*
=或<>不能用于判断null值
is null或is not null可以判断null值
*/
#1.查询没有奖金的员工名和奖金率

SELECT last_name,commission_pct FROM employees WHERE commission_pct IS NULL;

SELECT last_name,commission_pct FROM employees WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL;

安全等于 <=>
1.查询没有奖金的员工名和奖金率

SELECT last_name,commission_pct FROM employees WHERE commission_pct <=>NULL;

2.查询工资为12000的员工信息

SELECT last_name,salary FROM employees WHERE salary<=>12000;

is null pk <=>
IS NULL:仅仅可以判断null值,可读性较高，建议使用
<=>:既可以判断null值，又可以判断普通的数值，可读性较低

测试题
1.查询没有奖金，且工资小于18000的salary,last_name

SELECT salary,last_name FROM employees WHERE salary<18000 AND commission_pct IS NULL;

2.查询employees表中，job_id不为‘IT’或者工资为12000的员工信息

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary=12000 OR job_id<>'IT';

3.查看部门department表的结构，查询效果如下：

DESC departments;

4.查询部门表中涉及了哪些位置编号

SELECT DISTINCT location_id FROM departments;

5.经典面试题

select * from employees;和
select * from employees where commissin_pct like '%%' and last_name like '%%';结果是否一样？并说明原因

/*
不一样，如果判断的字段有null值
如果把所有字段用or连接就一样了
*/