1、核心类
注： 表格属性 rowspan colspan
| 类名 | 核心方法 | 作用 |
|---|---|---|
| 处理器 Handler | sendMessage(Message msg) | 将消息发送到消息队列 |
| post(Runnable r) | ||
| dispatchMessage(Message msg) | 将消息分发给对应Handler | |
| handleMessage(Message msg) | 处理对应消息 | |
| 消息队列 MessageQueue | enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) | 将消息根据时间添加到消息队列 |
| Message next() | 从消息队列移出消息 | |
| 循环器 Looper | prepare() | 为当前线程创建一个 Looper 对象和一个 MessageQueue 对象 |
| loop() | 消息循环从消息队列中取出消息发送给Handler，无消息则阻塞 |
2、源码分析
- Android 应用程序启动时，会创建 1 个主线程（ActivityThread），自动调用 main() 方法。
- main() 方法中为主线程创建 1 个 Looper 对象 同时创建 Looper 的 MessageQueue 对象。
- 主线程中创建 Handler 为其指定主线程的 Looper 对象和 MessageQueue 对象。
- 子线程中创建 Handler 需要手动创建子线程的 Looper 对象和 MessageQueue 对象（及手动调用 Looper.prepare() ）。才能创建 Handler 。
// ActivityThread.class
// 应用程序启动执行 main() 方法。
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 1、为主线程创建 1 个 Looper 对象
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
// 2、创建主线程
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
// 3、开启消息循环
Looper.loop();
}
// ThreadLocal.class
// 获取当前线程的 Looper 对象
public T get() {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null) {
ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
if (e != null) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
T result = (T)e.value;
return result;
}
}
return setInitialValue();
}
// 设置本地线程变量到 ThreadLocalMap ，键 this（ThreadLocal 对象），值 Looper 对象（调用 Looper 的 prepare() 时创建）。
private T setInitialValue() {
T value = initialValue();
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value);
else
createMap(t, value);
return value;
}
// Looper.class
// 为主线程创建 1 个 Looper 对象
public static void prepareMainLooper() {
prepare(false);
synchronized (Looper.class) {
if (sMainLooper != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");
}
sMainLooper = myLooper();
}
}
// 为子线程创建 1 个 Looper 对象
public static void prepare() {
prepare(true);
}
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
// 1、当前线程 Looper 不为 null 抛出异常，及 Looper.prepare() 方法不能调用2次。ThreadLocal 存储本地线程变量。
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
// 1、创建 1 个 Looper，指定 1 个 消息队列（MessageQueue）。
mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}
// 获取当前线程的 Looper 对象
public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
return sThreadLocal.get();
}
// 消息循环
public static void loop() {
// 1.获取当前线程 Looper。
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
// 2.获取消息队列
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
// Allow overriding a threshold with a system prop. e.g.
// adb shell 'setprop log.looper.1000.main.slow 1 && stop && start'
final int thresholdOverride =
SystemProperties.getInt("log.looper."
+ Process.myUid() + "."
+ Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ".slow", 0);
boolean slowDeliveryDetected = false;
// 3.消息循环。
for (;;) {
// 3.1、消息队列取出消息，消息为空则线程阻塞。
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
final Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
}
final long slowDispatchThresholdMs = me.mSlowDispatchThresholdMs;
final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag;
if (traceTag != 0 && Trace.isTagEnabled(traceTag)) {
Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg));
}
final long start = (slowDispatchThresholdMs == 0) ? 0 : SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
final long end;
try {
// 3.2、分发消息给对应的 Handler（target 即 Handler）。
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
end = (slowDispatchThresholdMs == 0) ? 0 : SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
} finally {
if (traceTag != 0) {
Trace.traceEnd(traceTag);
}
}
if (slowDispatchThresholdMs > 0) {
final long time = end - start;
if (time > slowDispatchThresholdMs) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Dispatch took " + time + "ms on "
+ Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", h=" +
msg.target + " cb=" + msg.callback + " msg=" + msg.what);
}
}
if (logging != null) {
logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
}
// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
if (ident != newIdent) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
+ msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
+ msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
}
// 3.3、释放消息。
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}
// MessageQueue.class
// next() 方法，从消息队列取出消息。
Message next() {
// Return here if the message loop has already quit and been disposed.
// This can happen if the application tries to restart a looper after quit
// which is not supported.
final long ptr = mPtr;
if (ptr == 0) {
return null;
}
int pendingIdleHandlerCount = -1; // -1 only during first iteration
int nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
for (;;) {
if (nextPollTimeoutMillis != 0) {
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
}
// 1、nextPollTimeoutMillis 为 -1 消息队列处于等待状态。
nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis);
// 2、synchronized 保证多线程安全。
synchronized (this) {
// Try to retrieve the next message. Return if found.
final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
Message prevMsg = null;
Message msg = mMessages;
if (msg != null && msg.target == null) {
// Stalled by a barrier. Find the next asynchronous message in the queue.
do {
prevMsg = msg;
msg = msg.next;
} while (msg != null && !msg.isAsynchronous());
}
// 3、根据时间从消息队列取消息。
if (msg != null) {
if (now < msg.when) {
// Next message is not ready. Set a timeout to wake up when it is ready.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
} else {
// Got a message.
mBlocked = false;
if (prevMsg != null) {
prevMsg.next = msg.next;
} else {
mMessages = msg.next;
}
msg.next = null;
if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Returning message: " + msg);
msg.markInUse();
return msg;
}
} else {
// No more messages.
// 消息队列中已无消息，则将 nextPollTimeoutMillis 设为-1 下次循环时，消息队列则处于等待状态。
nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1;
}
// Process the quit message now that all pending messages have been handled.
if (mQuitting) {
dispose();
return null;
}
// If first time idle, then get the number of idlers to run.
// Idle handles only run if the queue is empty or if the first message
// in the queue (possibly a barrier) is due to be handled in the future.
if (pendingIdleHandlerCount < 0
&& (mMessages == null || now < mMessages.when)) {
pendingIdleHandlerCount = mIdleHandlers.size();
}
if (pendingIdleHandlerCount <= 0) {
// No idle handlers to run. Loop and wait some more.
mBlocked = true;
continue;
}
if (mPendingIdleHandlers == null) {
mPendingIdleHandlers = new IdleHandler[Math.max(pendingIdleHandlerCount, 4)];
}
mPendingIdleHandlers = mIdleHandlers.toArray(mPendingIdleHandlers);
}
// Run the idle handlers.
// We only ever reach this code block during the first iteration.
for (int i = 0; i < pendingIdleHandlerCount; i++) {
final IdleHandler idler = mPendingIdleHandlers[i];
mPendingIdleHandlers[i] = null; // release the reference to the handler
boolean keep = false;
try {
keep = idler.queueIdle();
} catch (Throwable t) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "IdleHandler threw exception", t);
}
if (!keep) {
synchronized (this) {
mIdleHandlers.remove(idler);
}
}
}
// Reset the idle handler count to 0 so we do not run them again.
pendingIdleHandlerCount = 0;
// While calling an idle handler, a new message could have been delivered
// so go back and look again for a pending message without waiting.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
}
}
// enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) 方法，将消息插入到消息队列。采用单链表提高插入、删除消息的效率 。
boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
if (msg.target == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target.");
}
if (msg.isInUse()) {
throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use.");
}
// 插入消息线程安全。
synchronized (this) {
if (mQuitting) {
IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException(
msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");
Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
msg.recycle();
return false;
}
msg.markInUse();
msg.when = when;
Message p = mMessages;
boolean needWake;
// 1.消息队列无消息：将当前消息插入到对头；消息处于等待状态，则唤醒
if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
// New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
msg.next = p;
mMessages = msg;
needWake = mBlocked;
} else {
// Inserted within the middle of the queue. Usually we don't have to wake
// up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue
// and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue.
needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
Message prev;
// 2.消息队列有消息：则根据消息创建时间插入到队列。
for (;;) {
prev = p;
p = p.next;
if (p == null || when < p.when) {
break;
}
if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
needWake = false;
}
}
msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
prev.next = msg;
}
// We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false.
if (needWake) {
nativeWake(mPtr);
}
}
return true;
}
// Message.class
// 从消息池获取消息对象，默认缓存50个消息对象，避免每次 new Message() 重新分配内存；消息池没有可用消息采用 new Message()。
public static Message obtain() {
synchronized (sPoolSync) {
if (sPool != null) {
Message m = sPool;
sPool = m.next;
m.next = null;
m.flags = 0; // clear in-use flag
sPoolSize--;
return m;
}
}
return new Message();
}
// Handler.class
public Handler() {
this(null, false);
}
// 创建 Handler 对象。
public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
// 1、指定 Looper 对象
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
if (mLooper == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Can't create handler inside thread " + Thread.currentThread()
+ " that has not called Looper.prepare()");
}
// 2、指定消息队列对象（MessageQueue）
mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
mAsynchronous = async;
}
// 分发处理消息的方法。
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
// 1.msg.callback (即 runnable) 不为空，表示采用 post(Runnable r) 发送消息，回调重写的 run() 方法。
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
// 2.msg.callback (即 runnable) 为空，表示采用 sendMessage(Message msg) 发送消息，回调重写的 handleMessage(Message msg) 方法。
handleMessage(msg);
}
}
// 采用 post 方式最终回调 Runnable 的 run() 方法
private static void handleCallback(Message message) {
message.callback.run();
}
// 采用 sendMessage(Message msg) 发送消息。
public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg)
{
return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
}
// sendMessage/post 方式开始走相同的流程。
public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis)
{
if (delayMillis < 0) {
delayMillis = 0;
}
return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
}
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
}
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
// 1.msg.target 赋值为 this（当前 Handler）。
msg.target = this;
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
// 2.消息放入消息队列。
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}
// 采用 post(Runnable r) 发送消息。
public final boolean post(Runnable r)
{
return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), 0);
}
private static Message getPostMessage(Runnable r) {
// 1.创建一个消息对象。
Message m = Message.obtain();
// 2.m.callback 赋值为 r（Runnable）。
m.callback = r;
return m;
}
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