0.安装依赖
yum install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel
1.安装ruby (http://ruby-lang.org/)
ruby官网下载(https://www.ruby-lang.org/zh_cn/downloads/) Ruby 2.1.3源码，进入下载解压，编译安装：
./configure
make
make install
查看安装信息：
installing binary commands: /usr/local/bin
installing base libraries: /usr/local/lib
installing arch files: /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.1.0/x86_64-linux
installing pkgconfig data: /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
installing command scripts: /usr/local/bin
installing library scripts: /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.1.0
installing common headers: /usr/local/include/ruby-2.1.0
installing manpages: /usr/local/share/man/man1
installing extension objects: /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.1.0/x86_64-linux
installing extension objects: /usr/local/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.1.0/x86_64-linux
installing extension objects: /usr/local/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/2.1.0/x86_64-linux
installing extension headers: /usr/local/include/ruby-2.1.0/x86_64-linux
installing extension scripts: /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.1.0
installing extension scripts: /usr/local/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.1.0
installing extension scripts: /usr/local/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/2.1.0
installing extension headers: /usr/local/include/ruby-2.1.0/ruby
installing default gems: /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0 (build_info, cache, doc, extensions, gems, specifications)
bigdecimal 1.2.4
io-console 0.4.2
json 1.8.1
minitest 4.7.5
psych 2.0.5
rake 10.1.0
rdoc 4.1.0
test-unit 2.1.3.0
installing rdoc: /usr/local/share/ri/2.1.0/system
installing capi-docs: /usr/local/share/doc/rubyruby -v
ruby 2.1.3p242 (2014-09-19 revision 47630) [x86_64-linux]
2.安装rubygems (http://rubygems.org/)
官网下载最新rubygems版本RubyGems 2.4.2，进入下载目录直接安装：
ruby setup.rb
安装信息如下：RubyGems installed the following executables:
/usr/local/bin/gem
Ruby Interactive (ri) documentation was installed. ri is kind of like man
pages for ruby libraries. You may access it like this:
ri Classname
ri Classname.class_method
ri Classname#instance_method
If you do not wish to install this documentation in the future, use the
--no-document flag, or set it as the default in your ~/.gemrc file. See
'gem help env' for details.安装成功，查看rubygems版本：
gem -v
2.4.2
3.安装rails (http://rubygems.org/pages/download/)
注意：此处选择安装Rails 4.1.6在启动mongrel时会有问题，详见mongrel小节描述，请先跳过此处阅读( 4. 集成mongrel )
使用gem安装rails，
gem install -V rails -v 4.1.6
如果出现如下错误，
[root@localhost download]# gem install --help
ERROR: Loading command: install (LoadError)
cannot load such file -- zlib
ERROR: While executing gem ... (NoMethodError)
undefined method `invoke_with_build_args' for nil:NilClass#cd ext/zlib
#ruby ./extconf.rb
#make
#make install
安装完毕后再次运行安装rails：
gem install -V rails -v 4.1.6
（如遇到各种安装报错情况，请参考文章：点击打开链接 解决）
安装成功后，新建rails工程：
rails new blog
进入工程根目录，启动rails服务：rails server
打开浏览器，输入localhost:3000回车后进入主页面，至此ROR环境搭建完成。4. 集成mongrel (https://rubygems.org/gems/mongrel/versions/)
mongrel下载地址为：mongrel下载
使用gem安装mongrel：
gem install mongrel -v 1.2.0.pre2 --pre
Done installing documentation for gem_plugin, daemons, mongrel after 2 seconds3 gems installed
进入blog工程根目录，用mongrel启动rails服务：mongrel_rails start
如果启动出现如下问题：
no such file to load -- dispatcher (LoadError)
则参考 点击打开链接解决： down vote
Just in case you didn't figure it out.
I ran gem install 'dispatcher' and added gem 'dispatcher' in the Gemfile of my app.具体步骤为：
gem install dispatcher -V
进入你自己的rails工程目录，打开Gemfile文件，加入：gem 'dispatcher' 保存文件。
之后再次启动：
mongrel_rails start
如果出现如下错误：
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.6/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:247:in `require': cannot load such file -- mongrel/rails (LoadError)
则打开Gemfile文件，加入：gem 'mongrel','1.2.0.pre2' 保存文件。(备注：此处的' 1.2.0.pre2' 参数为你安装的mongrel版本号，具体请根据自己安装自行调整！)
再次启动mongrel：
mongrel_rails start
启动成功，打印信息如下：
** Starting Mongrel listening at 0.0.0.0:3000** Starting Rails with development environment...** Rails loaded.** Loading any Rails specific GemPlugins
** Signals ready. TERM => stop. USR2 => restart. INT => stop (no restart).** Rails signals registered. HUP => reload (without restart). It might not work well.** Mongrel 1.2.0.pre2 available at 0.0.0.0:3000** Use CTRL-C to stop.
mongrel启动成功！
尝试访问服务：
curl http://127.0.0.1:3000
返回如下信息：
curl: (52) Empty reply from server
(备注：如果用浏览器访问，则提示“无法连接”)
服务器对于请求返回了空，但mongrel已经正常启动了。
通过多方查找，终于找到解决办法，替换之前的启动命令：
mongrel_rails star
为：
rails server mongrel -e development -b 0.0.0.0 -p 80 -P tmp/pids/server.pid
再次启动服务。
成功启动后打印如下信息：
=> Booting Mongrel=> Rails 4.1.6 application starting in development on http://0.0.0.0:80=> Run `rails server -h` for more startup options=> Notice: server is listening on all interfaces (0.0.0.0). Consider using 127.0.0.1 (--binding option)=> Ctrl-C to shutdown server
再次键入地址进行访问：
curl http://127.0.0.1:3000
成功返回请求的html代码，让我们总结一下：
在每次新建rails工程后，需要手动修改工程根目录下的Gemfile文件：
1. 添加 gem 'mongrel','1.2.0.pre2'
2. 添加 gem 'dispatcher'
3. 启动： rails server mongrel -e development -b 0.0.0.0 -p 80 -P tmp/pids/server.pid
到此在CentOS7环境下，已成功搭建好了mongrel和rails，接下来还有mongrel_cluster和nginx需要完成。请继续往下看！
错误更正：
今天在安装集成mongrel_cluster后，启动服务，访问服务时发现问题：
尝试访问服务：
curl http://127.0.0.1:3000
返回如下信息：
curl: (52) Empty reply from server
(备注：如果用浏览器访问，则提示“无法连接”)
服务器对于请求返回了空，但mongrel已经正常启动了。
依然存在，故之前的使用命令： rails server mongrel -e development -b 0.0.0.0 -p 80 -P tmp/pids/server.pid启动成功不是问题根因，不能解决该问题。继续查找资料，没有发现对于该问题的描述，后来推测可能是rails版本太新导致的，故卸载了已安装的Rails 4.1.6，安装Rails 3.2.0,重新生成工程，再次使用mongrel_rails start启动服务，发现可以正常启动，
再次键入地址进行访问：
curl http://127.0.0.1:3000成功返回了html页面代码：
<body>
<div id="page">
<div id="sidebar">
<ul id="sidebar-items">
<li>
<h3>Browse the documentation</h3>
<ul class="links">
<li><a href="http://guides.rubyonrails.org/">Rails Guides</a></li>
<li><a href="http://api.rubyonrails.org/">Rails API</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/">Ruby core</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib/">Ruby standard library</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="header">
<h1>Welcome aboard</h1>
<h2>You’re riding Ruby on Rails!</h2>
</div>
<div id="about">
<h3><a href="rails/info/properties" οnclick="about(); return false">About your application’s environment</a></h3>
<div id="about-content" style="display: none"></div>
</div>
<div id="getting-started">
<h1>Getting started</h1>
<h2>Here’s how to get rolling:</h2>
<ol>
<li>
<h2>Use <code>rails generate</code> to create your models and controllers</h2>
<p>To see all available options, run it without parameters.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h2>Set up a default route and remove <span class="filename">public/index.html</span></h2>
<p>Routes are set up in <span class="filename">config/routes.rb</span>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h2>Create your database</h2>
<p>Run <code>rake db:create</code> to create your database. If you're not using SQLite (the default), edit <span class="filename">config/database.yml</span> with your username and password.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer"> </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>到此在CentOS7环境下，已成功搭建好了mongrel和rails！下节将介绍安装使用mongrel_cluster插件实现mongrel服务的集群。
4. 安装mongrel_cluster插件实现mongrel集群
使用mongrel_rails start
启动的应用服务是单进程的，既只能绑定且监听某一IP的一个端口，故当出现大量HTTP请求时，只能按请求的先后顺序串行处理来自客户端的HTTP请求，如此性能低下。而是用mongrel_cluster插件后，可以指定多个mongrel实例绑定到同一IP的不同端口上，实现并行处理HTTP请求，再配合nginx的负载均衡，可以大大提高服务器性能。
首先安装mongrel_cluster插件：
gem install mongrel_cluster -V
然后配置mongrel_cluster
在Rails项目的根目录下执行以下命令，生成config/mongrel_cluster.yml 文件，供启用mongrel集群使用
mongrel_rails cluster::configure -e production -p 3000 -a 127.0.0.1 -N 2
有关cluster::configure 更多参数使用可借助帮助命令查看
mongrel_rails cluster::configure -h
生成的文件内容如下：
---
address: 127.0.0.1
log_file: log/mongrel.log
port: "3000"
environment: production
pid_file: tmp/pids/mongrel.pid
servers: 2
启用mongrel_cluster
mongrel_rails cluster::start
starting port 3000
starting port 3001
键入地址进行访问：
curl http://127.0.0.1:3000
<body>
<div id="page">
<div id="sidebar">
<ul id="sidebar-items">
<li>
<h3>Browse the documentation</h3>
<ul class="links">
<li><a href="http://guides.rubyonrails.org/">Rails Guides</a></li>
<li><a href="http://api.rubyonrails.org/">Rails API</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/">Ruby core</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib/">Ruby standard library</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="header">
<h1>Welcome aboard</h1>
<h2>You’re riding Ruby on Rails!</h2>
</div>
<div id="about">
<h3><a href="rails/info/properties" οnclick="about(); return false">About your application’s environment</a></h3>
<div id="about-content" style="display: none"></div>
</div>
<div id="getting-started">
<h1>Getting started</h1>
<h2>Here’s how to get rolling:</h2>
<ol>
<li>
<h2>Use <code>rails generate</code> to create your models and controllers</h2>
<p>To see all available options, run it without parameters.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h2>Set up a default route and remove <span class="filename">public/index.html</span></h2>
<p>Routes are set up in <span class="filename">config/routes.rb</span>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h2>Create your database</h2>
<p>Run <code>rake db:create</code> to create your database. If you're not using SQLite (the default), edit <span class="filename">config/database.yml</span> with your username and password.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer"> </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
curl http://127.0.0.1:3001
<body>
<div id="page">
<div id="sidebar">
<ul id="sidebar-items">
<li>
<h3>Browse the documentation</h3>
<ul class="links">
<li><a href="http://guides.rubyonrails.org/">Rails Guides</a></li>
<li><a href="http://api.rubyonrails.org/">Rails API</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/">Ruby core</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib/">Ruby standard library</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="header">
<h1>Welcome aboard</h1>
<h2>You’re riding Ruby on Rails!</h2>
</div>
<div id="about">
<h3><a href="rails/info/properties" οnclick="about(); return false">About your application’s environment</a></h3>
<div id="about-content" style="display: none"></div>
</div>
<div id="getting-started">
<h1>Getting started</h1>
<h2>Here’s how to get rolling:</h2>
<ol>
<li>
<h2>Use <code>rails generate</code> to create your models and controllers</h2>
<p>To see all available options, run it without parameters.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h2>Set up a default route and remove <span class="filename">public/index.html</span></h2>
<p>Routes are set up in <span class="filename">config/routes.rb</span>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h2>Create your database</h2>
<p>Run <code>rake db:create</code> to create your database. If you're not using SQLite (the default), edit <span class="filename">config/database.yml</span> with your username and password.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer"> </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>关闭集群命令：
mongrel_rails cluster::stop
4. 安装配置Nginx (如果想系统学习Nginx请下载Nginx权威书籍阅读Nginx模块开发与架构解析)
4.1安装nginx
下载地址 http://nginx.org/en/download.html
我下载的版本是: nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
解压安装
tar -zxvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz/
./configure
make
make install
默认情况下安装目录是 /usr/local/nginx
4.2 配置nginx (深入学习Nginx请阅读：)
编辑 emacs /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf，以下是添加的内容
upstream mongrel {
server 127.0.0.1:3000;
server 127.0.0.1:3001;
}
# rails server
server {
listen 80;
server_name redmine.moon.ossxp.com;
root /home/zhangwei/workspace/blog/public; #注意这里一定要指向Rails应用的public目录
index index.html index.htm;
location / {
proxy_pass http://mongrel;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
启用mongrel_cluster
mongrel_rails cluster::start
starting port 3000
starting port 3001
启用nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
测试是否部署成功
键入 curl http://localhost按回车键，如果显示rails主页，则证明部署成功。
常用命令：
关闭mongrel_cluster
mongrel_rails cluster::stop
关闭nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit(“优雅地”停止)
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop (快速停止)
到此，CentOS7 上部署Nginx+Mongrel+Rails彻底完成！(结束)
5.局域网其他电脑无法访问服务器rails应用问题
在安装部署成功后，我尝试通过局域网其他电脑访问服务器上的rails应用：（备注，我服务器ip:192.168.1.104）
浏览器地址栏输入：http://192.168.1.104:3000 按回车后提示无法连接，原因为：防火墙设置未开放端口。故解决办法如下：
由于CentOS 7.0默认使用的是firewall作为防火墙，这里为方便操作改为iptables防火墙。
1、关闭firewall：
systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall
systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动
2、安装iptables防火墙
yum install iptables-services #安装
3、修改iptables防火墙配置，设置生效emacs /etc/sysconfig/iptables #编辑防火墙配置文件
原文件内容如下：
# Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall
# Manual customization of this file is not recommended.
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3000 -j ACCEPT-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3001 -j ACCEPT# Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall
# Manual customization of this file is not recommended.
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
<pre name="code" class="plain">-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3000 -j ACCEPT-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3001 -j ACCEPT
systemctl restart iptables.service #最后重启防火墙使配置生效
systemctl enable iptables.service #设置防火墙开机启动
重新启动服务，另一台电脑再次访问： http://192.168.1.104:3000成功显示rails首页。
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