1.集合也是无序的
list_1=[1,4,5,7,3,6,7,9]
list_2=set([2,6,0,66,22,8,4])
list_1.intersection(list_2)#交集 list_1 & list_2
list_1.union(list_2)#并集 list_1 | list_2
list_1.symmetric_difference(list_2)#对称差集 list_1 ^ list_2
list_1.difference(list_2)#差集 list_1 - list_2
list_1.issubset(list_2)#父集
list_1.issubset(list_2)#子集
2.文件
操作流程
1.打开文件,获取句柄
file=open("文件名",encoding="UTF-8")
with open("文件名","r",encoding="UTF-8") as file:
2.通过句柄对文件进行操作
file.read()#默认读所有
file.write()
file.close()
file.readline()
'''readline([size]) -> next line from the file, as a string.
Retain newline. A non-negative size argument limits the maximum
number of bytes to return (an incomplete line may be returned then).
Return an empty string at EOF.'''
for i in file:#一行一行的读入
print(i)
file.readlines()#list of strings, each a line from the file.
for index,value in enumerate(file.readline()):#一次性读入文件
#enumerate(iterable[, start]) -> iterator for index, value of iterable
print (index)
file.tell()#int值 Current file position 按字符长度
file.seek()#file.seek()# Move to new file position.
file.flush()#Flush the write buffers of the stream if applicable.
file.truncate()#Truncate the file to at most size bytes from the current file position
3.关闭文件
file.close()
3.函数
def test(*args):#以元组参数,给函数传递不固定参数
print (args)
test(1,2,3,4,5)
def test1(*args):#以元组参数,给函数传递不固定参数
print (args)
test1(*[1,2,3,4,5])
def test2(**args):#将关键字参数以字典形式
print (args)
test2(name='111',age=222)
test2(**{'name':'111','age':222} )
#高阶函数---将函数本身当做参数传递给另一个函数
def add(a,b,f):
return f(a)+f(b)
print (add(3,-6,abs))
4.字节码
str="你好"
str1=str.decode("gbk")
print(str1)
print(sys.getdefaultencoding())
for i in range(50):
sys.stdout.write("■")
sys.stdout.flush()
time.sleep(0.1)