springcloud2020 笔记5 Hystrix服务降级，熔断,dashboard

BogerPeng

已于 2023-10-01 14:32:55 修改

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文章标签： java

于 2022-03-08 18:12:33 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/BogerPeng/article/details/123359830

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服务降级的配置，一般倾向于放在客户端，具体看业务需求

1. 服务降级
https://github.com/Netflix/hystrix/wiki

1.1 配置 Hystrix 服务，为模拟降级的环境作准备
1.1.1 服务端用eureka 集群，参照其他配置
1.1.2 provider端

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--        spring cloud eureka server-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

server:
  port: 8001
spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-provider-hystrix-payment
eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true   # false: 不把 eureka 自身注册在注册中心里面， 不作高可用的情况下使用这个
    fetch-registry: true         # false: 不从 eureka 上获取服务的注册信息
    service-url:
      #      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:7001/eureka/     # 单例版
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka  #集群版

主启动类：

package com.pyh.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class PaymentMainHystrix8001 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentMainHystrix8001.class,args);
    }
}

Service

package com.pyh.springcloud.service.impl;

import com.pyh.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {
    /**
     * 正常访问的方法
     */
    public String PaymentInfo_OK(Integer id){
        return "线程池： " + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"  PaymentInfo_OK  " + id + " 正常！";
    }

    /**
     * 程序异常、超时、服务熔断、线程池信号量打满，都会造成服务降级
     */
    public String PaymentInfo_FAIL(Integer id){
        int timer = 3;
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(timer);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "线程池： " + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"  PaymentInfo_TIMEOUT  " + id + " 耗时"+timer+"秒";
    }
}

Controller

package com.pyh.springcloud.controller;

import com.pyh.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {

    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String PaymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        String result = paymentService.PaymentInfo_OK(id);
        log.info("PaymentOK 结果："+result);
        return result;
    }

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public String PaymentInfo_FAIL(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        String result = paymentService.PaymentInfo_FAIL(id);
        log.info("PaymentFAIL 结果："+result);
        return result;
    }
}

1.1.3 consumer端，使用feign 调用服务，引入 Hystrix
pom.xml 主要依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

server:
  port: 808
spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-consumerfeign-hystrix-order
eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false   # false:不把 eureka 自身注册在注册中心里面， 不作高可用的情况下使用这个
    fetch-registry: true         # false:不从 eureka 上获取服务的注册信息
    service-url:
      #      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:7001/eureka/     # 单例版
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka  #集群版

feign:
  client:
    config:
      default: # feign 全局日志  # cloud-payment-service:     #也可以指定某个 feign 服务名称
        connectTimeout: 5000
        readTimeout: 5000
        loggerLevel: FULL  # 日志级别 FULL / headers / basic / none  默认

主启动类：

package com.spring.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class})
@EnableFeignClients
public class OrderHystrixMain808 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderHystrixMain808.class, args);
    }
}

Service类：

package com.spring.springcloud.service;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

@FeignClient(value = "cloud-provider-hystrix-payment")
public interface PaymentHystrixService {

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String PaymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public String PaymentInfo_FAIL(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
}

Controller类:

package com.spring.springcloud.controller;

import com.spring.springcloud.service.PaymentHystrixService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderHystrixController {

    @Resource
    PaymentHystrixService paymentHystrixService;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String PaymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        String result = paymentHystrixService.PaymentInfo_OK(id);
        log.info("PaymentOK 结果："+result);
        return result;
    }

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public String PaymentInfo_FAIL(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        String result = paymentHystrixService.PaymentInfo_FAIL(id);
        log.info("PaymentFAIL 结果："+result);
        return result;
    }
}

1.2 Provider端服务降级配置
1.2.1 主启动类添加 @SpringCloudApplication

//@EnableCircuitBreaker    // SpringCloudApplication 已包括这个注解
@SpringCloudApplication

1.2.2 service 类
在原方法上面添加注解和配置服务降级的触发条件，并指定服务降级时的兜底方法

    /**
     * 程序异常、超时、服务熔断、线程池信号量打满，都会造成服务降级
     */
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "PaymentInfo_TimeoutHandler", commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "5000")
    })
    public String PaymentInfo_FAIL(Integer id){
        int timer = 3;
//        int aget = 10/0;      //用于测试程序出问题的情况
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(timer);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "线程池： " + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"  PaymentInfo_TIMEOUT  " + id + " 耗时"+timer+"秒";
    }
    public String PaymentInfo_TimeoutHandler(Integer id){
        return "线程池： " + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"  系统繁忙，请稍后再试  /(ㄒoㄒ)/~~" ;
    }

1.3 Consumer 端服务降级配置

yaml 中不要开启hystrix, 否则默认的1秒超时会覆盖掉controller的配置

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: false

主启动类：添加 @EnableHystrix

@EnableHystrix
public class OrderHystrixMain808 {

controller: 添加服务降级处理


    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "PaymentInfo_TimeoutHandler", commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "1500")
    })
    public String PaymentInfo_FAIL(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        String result = paymentHystrixService.PaymentInfo_FAIL(id);
        log.info("PaymentFAIL 结果："+result);
        return result;
    }
    public String PaymentInfo_TimeoutHandler(Integer id){
        return " 系统繁忙，请稍后再试  /(ㄒoㄒ)/~~，端口号：" + serverPort ;
    }

此处有坑，需要重新配置ribbon和hystrix的默认超时时间

ribbon:
  # 指的是建立连接后， 从服务端读取到可用资源所用的时间
  ReadTimeout: 15000
  # 建立连接所允许的最大时间，适用于网络正常情况下，两端连接所用时间
  ConnectionTimeout: 3000

hystrix:
  command:
    default:  #default全局有效，service id指定应用有效
      execution:
        timeout:
          enabled: true
        isolation:
          thread:
            timeoutInMilliseconds: 20000 #断路器超时时间，默认1000ms

1.4 配置全局服务降级方法
打开全局默认配置：

hystrix:
  command:
    default:  #default全局有效，service id指定应用有效
      execution:
        timeout:
          enabled: true
        isolation:
          thread:
            timeoutInMilliseconds: 20000 #断路器超时时间，默认1000ms

在controller添加注解

@DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = "payment_Global_FallbackHandler")
public class OrderHystrixController

在controller下的方法添加注解：

    @HystrixCommand
    public String PaymentInfo_FAIL(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){xxxx}

1.5 解决代码通配的耦合度高的问题

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

添加一个类实现Hystrix接口类

package com.spring.springcloud.service.impl;

import com.spring.springcloud.service.PaymentHystrixService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class PaymentHystrixServiceFallbackImpl implements PaymentHystrixService {
    @Override
    public String PaymentInfo_OK(Integer id) {
        return "PaymentHystrixServiceFallbackImpl...PaymentInfo_OK";
    }

    @Override
    public String PaymentInfo_FAIL(Integer id) {
        return "PaymentHystrixServiceFallbackImpl...PaymentInfo_FAIL";
    }
}

接口类中添加参数 fallback = PaymentHystrixServiceFallbackImpl.class

@FeignClient(value = "cloud-provider-hystrix-payment"
        ,fallback = PaymentHystrixServiceFallbackImpl.class)
public interface PaymentHystrixService

2.服务熔断

熔断机制的注解是 @HystrixCommand
大神理论：https://martinfowler.com/bliki/CircuitBreaker.html
payment端配置案例：在service 和 controller 添加方法，controller调用service所配置的带有服务熔断配置的方法

    ========服务熔断
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback",commandProperties = {
            //  在 10,000 毫秒时间以内，在必须超过10 次或以上的请求中，如果失败率高于 60%，即10次有6次或者以上失败次数， 那么开启断路器
            @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.enabled",value = "true")                            // 是否开启断路器
            ,@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold",value = "10")              // 请求次数,在窗口期内，请求次数必须大于给定的值，才有资格打开断路器
            ,@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.sleepWindowInMilliseconds",value = "10000")        // 时间窗口期
            ,@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage",value = "60")            // 失败率达到多少后跳闸
    })
    @Override
    public String paymentCircuitBreaker(Integer id){
        if(id<0){
            throw new RuntimeException("**** id 不能为负数");
        }
        String seralNumber = IdUtil.simpleUUID();

        return Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + " 调用成功，流水号：" + seralNumber;
    }
    public String paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback(Integer id){
        return "id 不能为负数，请稍后再试！ /(ㄒoㄒ)/~~ id:"+id;
    }

    ========服务熔断
    @GetMapping("/payment/circuit/{id}")
    public String paymentCircuitBreaker(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        String result = paymentService.paymentCircuitBreaker(id);
        log.info("paymentCircuitBreaker 结果："+result);
        return result;
    }

2.2 配置全局熔断：
添加兜底方法
在服务类中配置兜底的方法和熔断机制
在需要监控的方法上添加 @HystricCommand

@Service
@DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = "globalCircuitBreaker_fallback", commandProperties = {
        @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.enabled",value = "true")                            // 是否开启断路器
        ,@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold",value = "10")              // 请求次数,在窗口期内，请求次数必须大于给定的值，才有资格打开断路器
        ,@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.sleepWindowInMilliseconds",value = "10000")        // 时间窗口期
        ,@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage",value = "40")            // 失败率达到多少后跳闸
})
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {

    //  服务熔断
    /**
     * 正常访问的方法
     */
    @Override
    @HystrixCommand
    public String PaymentInfo_OK(Integer id){
        if(id<0){
            throw new RuntimeException("**** id 不能为负数");
        }
        return "线程池： " + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"  PaymentInfo_OK  " + id + " 正常！";
    }
    public String globalCircuitBreaker_fallback(){
        return " 全局熔断触发.....";
    }
}

3. dashboard 监控

3.1 dashboard端
必要 pom 依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- feign相关 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

server:
  port: 9001

hytrix dashboard 启动类

@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class})
@EnableHystrixDashboard
public class HystrixDashboardMain9001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(HystrixDashboardMain9001.class,args);
    }
}

3.2 需要被监控的eureka服务器或服务集群，如payment 端

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--        spring cloud eureka server-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

management:
  endpoints:
    enabled-by-default: true  # 默认开启所有监控端点信息 true
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"  #以web方式暴露所有端点
  endpoint:   # 具体端点的配置
    health:
      show-details: always    # 显示Health端点的详细信息
      enabled: true
    info:
      enabled: true
    metrics:
      enabled: true
    beans:
      enabled: true

注意:新版本Hystrix需要在被监控端主启动PaymentMainHystrix8001中指定监控路径

    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean getServlet() {
        HystrixMetricsStreamServlet streamServlet = new HystrixMetricsStreamServlet();
        ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(streamServlet);
        registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1);
        registrationBean.addUrlMappings("/hystrix.stream"); // "/actuator/hystrix.stream"
        registrationBean.setName("HystrixMetricsStreamServlet");
        return registrationBean;
    }

最后参照：
https://www.cnblogs.com/yufeng218/p/11489175.html