MHA架构部署（VIP）

已于 2023-11-08 14:49:50 修改
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分类专栏： MySQL 文章标签： mysql 数据库
于 2023-06-16 08:56:52 首次发布
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Boring_05/article/details/131239583
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MHA架构部署

主机名IP地址角色
manager10.108.26.10manager
server0110.108.26.209master
server0210.108.26.210slave
server0310.108.26.211slave
10.108.26.214虚拟VIP

基础配置

关闭防火墙
#所有服务器
systemctl stop firewalld

systemctl disable firewalld

setenforce 0

sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
配置主机名及域名解析
hostnamectl set-hostname server01

hostnamectl set-hostname server02

hostnamectl set-hostname server03

hostnamectl set-hostname manager

#manager主机不需要配置

vim /etc/hosts

10.108.26.10	manager
10.108.26.209   server01
10.108.26.210  server02
10.108.26.211   server03
同步时间
#所有节点
yum install ntpdate -y

ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com

配置主从

#Master节点

vim /etc/my.cnf

server-id = 1

systemctl restart mysqld

#Slave1节点

vim /etc/my.cnf

server-id = 2

systemctl restart mysqld

#Slave2节点

vim /etc/my.cnf

server-id = 3

systemctl restart mysqld

#在 Master、Slave1、Slave2 节点上都创建两个软链接

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/local/bin/mysqlbinlog
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/local/bin/mysql

#在主库上创建copy用户及root监控用户

#修改validate_password_policy参数的值
set global validate_password_policy=0;

#修改密码的长度
set global validate_password_length=1;

create user "copy"@"%" identified by "root1234";

grant replication slave on *.* to "copy"@"%";

flush privileges;

#创建mha管理员账号
  
grant all on *.* to "mha_user"@"10.108.26.%" identified by 'MHA_passwrod@123';

flush privileges;

#在主库上查看master信息

show master status;

#在 Slave1、Slave2 节点执行同步操作

change master to master_host='10.108.26.209',master_user='copy',master_password='root1234',master_port=3306,master_auto_position=1;

start slave;

#查看出现两个yes即成功
show slave status\G
配置无密码登录
#在所有服务器配置无密码登录

#在manager节点配置到所有数据节点的无密码认证

ssh-keygen -t rsa

ssh-copy-id 10.108.26.209

ssh-copy-id 10.108.26.210

ssh-copy-id 10.108.26.211

#在server01上配置到数据库节点server02和server03的无密码认证

ssh-keygen -t rsa

ssh-copy-id 10.108.26.210

ssh-copy-id 10.108.26.211

#在server02上配置到数据库节点server01和server03的无密码认证

ssh-keygen -t rsa

ssh-copy-id 10.108.26.209

ssh-copy-id 10.108.26.211

#在server03上配置到数据库节点server01和server02的无密码认证

ssh-keygen -t rsa

ssh-copy-id 10.108.26.209

ssh-copy-id 10.108.26.210

安装 MHA 软件

#安装epel源
yum -y install epel-release

yum install -y perl-DBD-MySQL \
perl-Config-Tiny \
perl-Log-Dispatch \
perl-Parallel-ForkManager \
perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder \
perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker \
perl-CPAN

#安装node包（所有节点，包括manager）

wget https://qiniu.wsfnk.com/mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm

rpm -ivh mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm

#安装manager包（manager节点，其他不需要）

wget https://qiniu.wsfnk.com/mha4mysql-manager-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm  

rpm -ivh mha4mysql-manager-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
配置VIP脚本
#编辑VIP切换脚本（manager节点）

vim /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover			#只需要修改VIP地址跟网卡信息即可!!!

#!/usr/bin/env perl

use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';

use Getopt::Long;
use MHA::DBHelper;
use MHA::NodeUtil;
use Time::HiRes qw( sleep gettimeofday tv_interval );
use Data::Dumper;

my $_tstart;
my $_running_interval = 0.1;
my (
  $command,              $orig_master_is_new_slave, $orig_master_host,
  $orig_master_ip,       $orig_master_port,         $orig_master_user,
  $orig_master_password, $orig_master_ssh_user,     $new_master_host,
  $new_master_ip,        $new_master_port,          $new_master_user,
  $new_master_password,  $new_master_ssh_user,
);

############################添加内容部分#########################################
my $vip = '10.108.26.214/24';					#修改成自己的VIP地址					
my $ifdev = 'ens192';							#网卡名称
my $key = '0';
# 更换ip后，一定要执行下arping
my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig $ifdev:$key $vip;/usr/sbin/arping -q -A -c 1 -I $ifdev $vip";
my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig $ifdev:$key down";
my $exit_code = 0; 
###############################################################################

GetOptions(
  'command=s'                => \$command,
  'orig_master_is_new_slave' => \$orig_master_is_new_slave,
  'orig_master_host=s'       => \$orig_master_host,
  'orig_master_ip=s'         => \$orig_master_ip,
  'orig_master_port=i'       => \$orig_master_port,
  'orig_master_user=s'       => \$orig_master_user,
  'orig_master_password=s'   => \$orig_master_password,
  'orig_master_ssh_user=s'   => \$orig_master_ssh_user,
  'new_master_host=s'        => \$new_master_host,
  'new_master_ip=s'          => \$new_master_ip,
  'new_master_port=i'        => \$new_master_port,
  'new_master_user=s'        => \$new_master_user,
  'new_master_password=s'    => \$new_master_password,
  'new_master_ssh_user=s'    => \$new_master_ssh_user,
);

exit &main();

sub current_time_us {
  my ( $sec, $microsec ) = gettimeofday();
  my $curdate = localtime($sec);
  return $curdate . " " . sprintf( "%06d", $microsec );
}

sub sleep_until {
  my $elapsed = tv_interval($_tstart);
  if ( $_running_interval > $elapsed ) {
    sleep( $_running_interval - $elapsed );
  }
}

sub get_threads_util {
  my $dbh                    = shift;
  my $my_connection_id       = shift;
  my $running_time_threshold = shift;
  my $type                   = shift;
  $running_time_threshold = 0 unless ($running_time_threshold);
  $type                   = 0 unless ($type);
  my @threads;

  my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SHOW PROCESSLIST");
  $sth->execute();

  while ( my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ) {
    my $id         = $ref->{Id};
    my $user       = $ref->{User};
    my $host       = $ref->{Host};
    my $command    = $ref->{Command};
    my $state      = $ref->{State};
    my $query_time = $ref->{Time};
    my $info       = $ref->{Info};
    $info =~ s/^\s*(.*?)\s*$/$1/ if defined($info);
    next if ( $my_connection_id == $id );
    next if ( defined($query_time) && $query_time < $running_time_threshold );
    next if ( defined($command)    && $command eq "Binlog Dump" );
    next if ( defined($user)       && $user eq "system user" );
    next
      if ( defined($command)
      && $command eq "Sleep"
      && defined($query_time)
      && $query_time >= 1 );

    if ( $type >= 1 ) {
      next if ( defined($command) && $command eq "Sleep" );
      next if ( defined($command) && $command eq "Connect" );
    }

    if ( $type >= 2 ) {
      next if ( defined($info) && $info =~ m/^select/i );
      next if ( defined($info) && $info =~ m/^show/i );
    }

    push @threads, $ref;
  }
  return @threads;
}

sub main {
  if ( $command eq "stop" ) {
    ## Gracefully killing connections on the current master
    # 1. Set read_only= 1 on the new master
    # 2. DROP USER so that no app user can establish new connections
    # 3. Set read_only= 1 on the current master
    # 4. Kill current queries
    # * Any database access failure will result in script die.
    my $exit_code = 1;
    eval {
      ## Setting read_only=1 on the new master (to avoid accident)
      my $new_master_handler = new MHA::DBHelper();

      # args: hostname, port, user, password, raise_error(die_on_error)_or_not
      $new_master_handler->connect( $new_master_ip, $new_master_port,
        $new_master_user, $new_master_password, 1 );
      print current_time_us() . " Set read_only on the new master.. ";
      $new_master_handler->enable_read_only();
      if ( $new_master_handler->is_read_only() ) {
        print "ok.\n";
      }
      else {
        die "Failed!\n";
      }
      $new_master_handler->disconnect();

      # Connecting to the orig master, die if any database error happens
      my $orig_master_handler = new MHA::DBHelper();
      $orig_master_handler->connect( $orig_master_ip, $orig_master_port,
        $orig_master_user, $orig_master_password, 1 );

      ## Drop application user so that nobody can connect. Disabling per-session binlog beforehand
      #$orig_master_handler->disable_log_bin_local();
      #print current_time_us() . " Drpping app user on the orig master..\n";
      #FIXME_xxx_drop_app_user($orig_master_handler);

      ## Waiting for N * 100 milliseconds so that current connections can exit
      my $time_until_read_only = 15;
      $_tstart = [gettimeofday];
      my @threads = get_threads_util( $orig_master_handler->{dbh},
        $orig_master_handler->{connection_id} );
      while ( $time_until_read_only > 0 && $#threads >= 0 ) {
        if ( $time_until_read_only % 5 == 0 ) {
          printf
"%s Waiting all running %d threads are disconnected.. (max %d milliseconds)\n",
            current_time_us(), $#threads + 1, $time_until_read_only * 100;
          if ( $#threads < 5 ) {
            print Data::Dumper->new( [$_] )->Indent(0)->Terse(1)->Dump . "\n"
              foreach (@threads);
          }
        }
        sleep_until();
        $_tstart = [gettimeofday];
        $time_until_read_only--;
        @threads = get_threads_util( $orig_master_handler->{dbh},
          $orig_master_handler->{connection_id} );
      }

      ## Setting read_only=1 on the current master so that nobody(except SUPER) can write
      print current_time_us() . " Set read_only=1 on the orig master.. ";
      $orig_master_handler->enable_read_only();
      if ( $orig_master_handler->is_read_only() ) {
        print "ok.\n";
      }
      else {
        die "Failed!\n";
      }

      ## Waiting for M * 100 milliseconds so that current update queries can complete
      my $time_until_kill_threads = 5;
      @threads = get_threads_util( $orig_master_handler->{dbh},
        $orig_master_handler->{connection_id} );
      while ( $time_until_kill_threads > 0 && $#threads >= 0 ) {
        if ( $time_until_kill_threads % 5 == 0 ) {
          printf
"%s Waiting all running %d queries are disconnected.. (max %d milliseconds)\n",
            current_time_us(), $#threads + 1, $time_until_kill_threads * 100;
          if ( $#threads < 5 ) {
            print Data::Dumper->new( [$_] )->Indent(0)->Terse(1)->Dump . "\n"
              foreach (@threads);
          }
        }
        sleep_until();
        $_tstart = [gettimeofday];
        $time_until_kill_threads--;
        @threads = get_threads_util( $orig_master_handler->{dbh},
          $orig_master_handler->{connection_id} );
      }



                print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n";
                &stop_vip();     


      ## Terminating all threads
      print current_time_us() . " Killing all application threads..\n";
      $orig_master_handler->kill_threads(@threads) if ( $#threads >= 0 );
      print current_time_us() . " done.\n";
      #$orig_master_handler->enable_log_bin_local();
      $orig_master_handler->disconnect();

      ## After finishing the script, MHA executes FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
      $exit_code = 0;
    };
    if ($@) {
      warn "Got Error: $@\n";
      exit $exit_code;
    }
    exit $exit_code;
  }
  elsif ( $command eq "start" ) {
    ## Activating master ip on the new master
    # 1. Create app user with write privileges
    # 2. Moving backup script if needed
    # 3. Register new master's ip to the catalog database

# We don't return error even though activating updatable accounts/ip failed so that we don't interrupt slaves' recovery.
# If exit code is 0 or 10, MHA does not abort
    my $exit_code = 10;
    eval {
      my $new_master_handler = new MHA::DBHelper();

      # args: hostname, port, user, password, raise_error_or_not
      $new_master_handler->connect( $new_master_ip, $new_master_port,
        $new_master_user, $new_master_password, 1 );

      ## Set read_only=0 on the new master
      #$new_master_handler->disable_log_bin_local();
      print current_time_us() . " Set read_only=0 on the new master.\n";
      $new_master_handler->disable_read_only();

      ## Creating an app user on the new master
      #print current_time_us() . " Creating app user on the new master..\n";
      #FIXME_xxx_create_app_user($new_master_handler);
      #$new_master_handler->enable_log_bin_local();
      $new_master_handler->disconnect();

      ## Update master ip on the catalog database, etc
                print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n";
                &start_vip();
                $exit_code = 0;
    };
    if ($@) {
      warn "Got Error: $@\n";
      exit $exit_code;
    }
    exit $exit_code;
  }
  elsif ( $command eq "status" ) {

    # do nothing
    exit 0;
  }
  else {
    &usage();
    exit 1;
  }
}

# A simple system call that enable the VIP on the new master 
sub start_vip() {
    `ssh $new_master_ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
}
# A simple system call that disable the VIP on the old_master
sub stop_vip() {
    `ssh $orig_master_ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`;
}

sub usage {
  print
"Usage: master_ip_online_change --command=start|stop|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --orig_master_user=user --orig_master_password=password --orig_master_ssh_user=sshuser --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port --new_master_user=user --new_master_password=password --new_master_ssh_user=sshuser \n";
  die;
}
配置在线切换脚本
#编辑在线切换脚本

vim /usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change					#只需要修改VIP地址跟网卡信息即可!!!

#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';

use Getopt::Long;

my (
$command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip,
$orig_master_port, $new_master_host, $new_master_ip, $new_master_port
);
#
############################添加内容部分#########################################
my $vip = '10.108.26.214/24';					#VIP地址
my $ifdev = 'ens192';							#网卡名称
my $key = '0';
# 更换ip后，一定要执行下arping
my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig $ifdev:$key $vip;/usr/sbin/arping -q -A -c 1 -I $ifdev $vip";
my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig $ifdev:$key down";
##################################################################################
GetOptions(
'command=s' => \$command,
'ssh_user=s' => \$ssh_user,
'orig_master_host=s' => \$orig_master_host,
'orig_master_ip=s' => \$orig_master_ip,
'orig_master_port=i' => \$orig_master_port,
'new_master_host=s' => \$new_master_host,
'new_master_ip=s' => \$new_master_ip,
'new_master_port=i' => \$new_master_port,
);

exit &main();

sub main {

print "\n\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh_stop_vip==$ssh_start_vip===\n\n";

if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) {

my $exit_code = 1;
eval {
print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n";
&stop_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn "Got Error: $@\n";
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "start" ) {

my $exit_code = 10;
eval {
print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n";
&start_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn $@;
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "status" ) {
print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n";
exit 0;
}
else {
&usage();
exit 1;
}
}
sub start_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
}
# A simple system call that disable the VIP on the old_master
sub stop_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`;
}

sub usage {
print
"Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n";
}
脚本授权
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover 

chmod +x /usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change
配置MHA脚本
#创建目录（manager操作）

mkdir -p /etc/mha

cd /etc/mha/

#创建app1.cnf（manager操作）

注：app1.conf修改完记得删除后面注释，不然会报错

vim app1.conf

[server default]
user=mha_user												#mha管理用户
password=MHA_password@123									#mha管理用户密码
manager_workdir=/data/mastermha/app1/
manager_log=/data/mastermha/app1/manager.log
remote_workdir=/data/mastermha/app1/
ssh_user=root												#ssh用户
repl_user=copy												#主从复制用户
repl_password=root1234								#主从复制用户密码
ping_interval=3
# 增加切换后 VIP自动切换的功能
master_ip_failover_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
# 增加手动switch 切换后VIP自动切换功能
master_ip_online_change_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change
  
[server1]
hostname=10.108.26.209
candidate_master=1
master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/logs

[server2]
hostname=10.108.26.210
candidate_master=1
master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/logs

#server03设置了不切换master，server01挂掉后只会切换到server02，如果需要server03也切换master，将no_master=1替换成candidate_master=1即可。
[server3]
hostname=10.108.26.211
no_master=1			
master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/logs

初始绑定VIP

#主节点执行（209）
ifconfig ens192:0 10.108.26.214/24 up

#查看VIP地址是否绑定成功
ip a

MHA检测

ssh互通检查
masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/mha/app1.conf

#没有报错显示OK即可
主从关系检查
masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/mha/app1.conf

#没有报错显示OK即可

启动manager

masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/app1.conf --ignore_last_failover

主从切换验证

停止server01的MySQL服务，在server02查看slave信息show slave status\G，在server02查看VIP地址是否漂移成功。

server01修复后需重新加入主从

安装supervisor，设置MHA自启

#安装supervisor
yum -y install supervisor

#启动
systemctl start supervisor
systemctl enable supervisor

#编辑mha.ini
cd /etc/supervisord.d

vim mha.ini

[program:mha]
#脚本目录
directory=/etc/mha
#脚本执行命令
command=/usr/bin/masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/app1.conf --ignore_last_failover  

#supervisor启动的时候是否随着同时启动，默认True
autostart=true
#当程序exit的时候，这个program不会自动重启,默认unexpected，设置子进程挂掉后自动重启的情况，有三个选项，false,unexpected和true。如果为false的时候，无论什么情况下，都不会被重新启动，如果为unexpected，只有当进程的退出码不在下面的exitcodes里面定义的
autorestart=false
#这个选项是子进程启动多少秒之后，此时状态如果是running，则我们认为启动成功了。默认值为1
startsecs=1

#脚本运行的用户身份 
user = root

#日志输出 
stderr_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/blog_stderr.log 
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/blog_stdout.log 
#把stderr重定向到stdout，默认 false
redirect_stderr = true
#stdout日志文件大小，默认 50MB
stdout_logfile_maxbytes = 20MB
#stdout日志文件备份数
stdout_logfile_backups = 20

#使用supervisor启动mha
supervisorctl start all

#检查MHA进程
ps -ef | grep mha

错误总结

#数据库初始化失败执行这条命令
yum -y install numactl
Boring_05
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专栏目录
第98讲：MHA高可用集群VIP地址配置与漂移实践
江晓龙的博客
02-18 1017
当主库发生故障，从库切换成主库后，程序是无感知的，程序并不知道谁成为了主库，程序还是会连接曾经的主库，就会导致平台访问异常，因此我们需要准备一个VIP漂移地址，当主库故障后，VIP就漂移到新的主库上，保证平台的高可用。第一次配置VIP地址，需要现在主库对应的网卡上配置好VIP地址，否则当故障出现时，VIP地址不能漂移到新的主库，并且还会报错，因为脚本要先删掉主库中的VIP，然后在新的主库上添加，如果一开始就不存在，肯定会报错。目前mysql-3成为了主库，VIP也漂移到了mysql-3的服务器中。
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在上一片博客中，讲述了怎么去配置MHA架构！这片博客不再细说，只说明其中MySQL主从搭建，这里使用的是gtid加上半同步复制！上一片博客中，把MySQL主从的搭建由filename和pos的过程改变为如下的基于gtid的过程就可以，因此不再详细说明，只展示gtid的搭建！四台服务器分配如下：MHA管理节点：　10.0.102.214MySQL主节点： 10.0.102.204MySQL从节点...
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weixin_42365234的博客
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weixin_45762569的博客
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1、首先编写VIP漂移脚本 vi /masterha/app1/master_ip_failover #!/usr/bin/env perl use strict; use warnings FATAL => 'all'; use Getopt::Long; my ( $command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip, $ori...
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MHA集群部署（GTID+VIP+Sendmail+Binlogserver） MHA（Master High Availability）是一种高可用性解决方案，旨在提供高可用性和自动故障转移的 MySQL 集群解决方案。以下是 MHA 集群部署的详细步骤和知识点： MHA ...
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在MHA架构中，当主库发生故障时，该脚本会将主库的IP地址更改为新晋升的备库，确保客户端能够无缝连接到新的主库，而不会意识到中间发生的故障。 2. **mha4mysql-manager-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm**: 这是MHA ...
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MHA 0.56 is now available +2 Vote Up -0Vote Down posted by Yoshinori Matsunobu on Tue 01 Apr 2014 04:50 UTC Tag...
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一、 (1)、准备vip脚本 [root@db03 ~]# cp master_ip_failover.txt /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover [root@db03 ~]# cd /usr/local/bin/ [root@db03 /usr/local/bin]# yum install -y dos2unix [root@db03 /usr...
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MHA（Master High Availability）目前在MySQL高可用方面是一个相对成熟的解决方案，该工具仅适用于MySQL Replication 环境，目的在于维持master主库的高可用性。通过本套课程的学习可以全面掌握MHA技术。
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VIP漂移的两种方式1)通过keepalived的方式，管理虚拟IP的漂移2)通过MHA自带脚本方式，管理虚拟IP的漂移MHA脚本方式如果是wget下载的脚本，需要转换格式: [root@db03 mha]# dos2unix master_ip_failover脚本内容如下[root@db03 ~]# cat /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover#!/usr/...
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weixin_35669769的博客
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MHA 加上MySQL 的半同步机制(Semi-Synchronous)，可以保证master故障发生时，数据不丢失。准备4台机器，IP分别为：192.168.86.130192.168.86.131192.168.86.132192.168.86.133其中130-132三台机器部署MySQL集群，133部署MHA的manage节点。一、搭建MySQL集群分别在130-132上部署MySQL，采...

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