Protobuf实例

Protobuf简介

protobuf是google提供的一个开源序列化框架，类似于XML，JSON这样的数据表示语言，其最大的特点是基于二进制，因此比传统的XML表示高效短小得多。虽然是二进制数据格式，但并没有因此变得复杂，开发人员通过按照一定的语法定义结构化的消息格式，然后送给命令行工具，工具将自动生成相关的类，可以支持php、java、c++、python等语言环境。通过将这些类包含在项目中，可以很轻松的调用相关方法来完成业务消息的序列化与反序列化工作。

 protobuf在google中是一个比较核心的基础库，作为分布式运算涉及到大量的不同业务消息的传递，如何高效简洁的表示、操作这些业务消息在google这样的大规模应用中是至关重要的。而protobuf这样的库正好是在效率、数据大小、易用性之间取得了很好的平衡。

Protobuf实例

定义proto协议

addressbook.proto

类信息

message Person

属性

string name = 1;
int32 id = 2; // Unique ID number for this person.
string email = 3;
repeated PhoneNumber phones = 4; //表示List

// See README.txt for information and build instructions.
//
// Note: START and END tags are used in comments to define sections used in
// tutorials.  They are not part of the syntax for Protocol Buffers.
//
// To get an in-depth walkthrough of this file and the related examples, see:
// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials

// [START declaration]
syntax = "proto3";
package tutorial;

import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
// [END declaration]

// [START java_declaration]
option java_package = "com.example.tutorial";
option java_outer_classname = "AddressBookProtos";
// [END java_declaration]

// [START csharp_declaration]
option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook";
// [END csharp_declaration]

// [START messages]
message Person {
  string name = 1;
  int32 id = 2;  // Unique ID number for this person.
  string email = 3;

  enum PhoneType {
    MOBILE = 0;
    HOME = 1;
    WORK = 2;
  }

  message PhoneNumber {
    string number = 1;
    PhoneType type = 2;
  }

  repeated PhoneNumber phones = 4;

  google.protobuf.Timestamp last_updated = 5;
}

// Our address book file is just one of these.
message AddressBook {
  repeated Person people = 1;
}
// [END messages]

使用

定义Builder

Person.Builder person = Person.newBuilder();

设置属性值

person.setId(Integer.valueOf(stdin.readLine()));
person.setName(stdin.readLine());

设置属性对象

Person.PhoneNumber.Builder phoneNumber =
Person.PhoneNumber.newBuilder().setNumber(number); //定义PhoneNumber的Builder
person.addPhones(phoneNumber); //等于 person.getPhones().add(PhoneNumber);

返回对象

return person.build();

import com.example.tutorial.AddressBookProtos.AddressBook;
import com.example.tutorial.AddressBookProtos.Person;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintStream;

class AddPerson {
  // This function fills in a Person message based on user input.
  static Person PromptForAddress(BufferedReader stdin,
                                 PrintStream stdout) throws IOException {
    Person.Builder person = Person.newBuilder();

    stdout.print("Enter person ID: ");
    person.setId(Integer.valueOf(stdin.readLine()));

    stdout.print("Enter name: ");
    person.setName(stdin.readLine());

    stdout.print("Enter email address (blank for none): ");
    String email = stdin.readLine();
    if (email.length() > 0) {
      person.setEmail(email);
    }

    while (true) {
      stdout.print("Enter a phone number (or leave blank to finish): ");
      String number = stdin.readLine();
      if (number.length() == 0) {
        break;
      }

      Person.PhoneNumber.Builder phoneNumber =
        Person.PhoneNumber.newBuilder().setNumber(number);

      stdout.print("Is this a mobile, home, or work phone? ");
      String type = stdin.readLine();
      if (type.equals("mobile")) {
        phoneNumber.setType(Person.PhoneType.MOBILE);
      } else if (type.equals("home")) {
        phoneNumber.setType(Person.PhoneType.HOME);
      } else if (type.equals("work")) {
        phoneNumber.setType(Person.PhoneType.WORK);
      } else {
        stdout.println("Unknown phone type.  Using default.");
      }

      person.addPhones(phoneNumber);
    }

    return person.build();
  }

  // Main function:  Reads the entire address book from a file,
  //   adds one person based on user input, then writes it back out to the same
  //   file.
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    if (args.length != 1) {
      System.err.println("Usage:  AddPerson ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE");
      System.exit(-1);
    }

    AddressBook.Builder addressBook = AddressBook.newBuilder();

    // Read the existing address book.
    try {
      FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(args[0]);
      try {
        addressBook.mergeFrom(input);
      } finally {
        try { input.close(); } catch (Throwable ignore) {}
      }
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
      System.out.println(args[0] + ": File not found.  Creating a new file.");
    }

    // Add an address.
    addressBook.addPeople(
      PromptForAddress(new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)),
                       System.out));

    // Write the new address book back to disk.
    FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(args[0]);
    try {
      addressBook.build().writeTo(output);
    } finally {
      output.close();
    }
  }
}

Protobuf的github地址

https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf