HttpClient使用

一：使用步骤：

1. 创建HttpClient对象。

2. 创建请求方法的实例，并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求，创建HttpGet对象；如果需要发送POST请求，创建HttpPost对象。

3. 如果需要发送请求参数，可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数；对于HttpPost对象而言，也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。

4. 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求，该方法返回一个HttpResponse。

5. 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头；调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象，该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。

6. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功，都必须释放连接

HttpClient:是一个接口

首先需要先创建一个DefaultHttpClient的实例

HttpClient httpClient=new DefaultHttpClient();

发送GET请求:

先创建一个HttpGet对象,传入目标的网络地址,然后调用HttpClient的execute()方法即可:

HttpGet HttpGet=new HttpGet(“http://www.baidu.com”);

httpClient.execute(httpGet);

发送POST请求:

1.创建一个HttpPost对象,传入目标的网络地址:

HttpPost httpPost=new HttpPost(“http://www.baidu.com”);

2.通过一个NameValuePair集合来存放待提交的参数,并将这个参数集合传入到一个UrlEncodedFormEntity中,然后调用HttpPost的setEntity()方法将构建好的UrlEncodedFormEntity传入:

List<NameValuePair>params=newArrayList<NameValuePair>();

Params.add(new BasicNameValuePair(“username”,”admin”));

Params.add(new BasicNameValuePair(“password”,”123456”));

UrlEncodedFormEntity entity=newUrlEncodedFormEntity(params,”utf-8”);

httpPost.setEntity(entity);

调用HttpClient的execute()方法,并将HttpPost对象传入即可:

HttpClient.execute(HttpPost);

3.执行execute()方法之后会返回一个HttpResponse对象,服务器所返回的所有信息就保护在HttpResponse里面.

先取出服务器返回的状态码,如果等于200就说明请求和响应都成功了:

If(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()==200){

//请求和响应都成功了

HttpEntityentity=HttpResponse.getEntity();//调用getEntity()方法获取到一个HttpEntity实例

String response=EntityUtils.toString(entity,”utf-8”);//用EntityUtils.toString()这个静态方法将HttpEntity转换成字符串,防止服务器返回的数据带有中文,所以在转换的时候将字符集指定成utf-8就可以了

｝

 

二：代码例子：简单demo例子：

package ks.httpclient;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.ResponseHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

/**
 * @author 47475
 *
 * @category 简单Get请求百度
 */
public class HttpClient1 {

	public static void main(String args[]) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
		CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
		try {
			String url = "http://www.baidu.com";
			HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
			System.out.println("executing request " + httpGet.getURI());

			ResponseHandler<String> responseHandler = new ResponseHandler<String>() {
				public String handleResponse(final HttpResponse response) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
					int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
					if (status >= 200 && status < 300) {
						HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
						return entity != null ? EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8") : null;
					} else {
						throw new ClientProtocolException("Unexpected response status: " + status);
					}
				}
			};
			String responseBody = httpclient.execute(httpGet, responseHandler);
			System.out.println("-------------------------------------------");
			System.out.println(responseBody);
			System.out.println("-------------------------------------------");
		} finally {
			httpclient.close();
		}

	}

}

 

工具类：HttpClientUtil.java

package ks.httpclient;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

/**
 * @author xin.ding
 *
 */
public class HttpClientUtils {

	private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = null;
	private static HttpClientBuilder httpBuilder = null;
	/** 请求状态参数 */
	private static RequestConfig requestConfig = null;
	/** 客户端总并行链接最大数 */
	private static int MAXCONNECTION = 10;
	/** 每个主机的最大并行链接数 */
	private static int DEFAULTMAXCONNECTION = 5;

	private static String IP = "cnivi.com.cn";
	private static int PORT = 80;

	static {
		requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(5000).setConnectTimeout(5000)
				.setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000).build();

		HttpHost target = new HttpHost(IP, PORT);
		connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
		connectionManager.setMaxTotal(MAXCONNECTION);
		connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(DEFAULTMAXCONNECTION);
		connectionManager.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(target), 20);
		httpBuilder = HttpClients.custom();
		httpBuilder.setConnectionManager(connectionManager);
	}

	/** 获取HttpClient对象 */
	public static CloseableHttpClient getConnection() {
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = httpBuilder.build();
		return httpClient;
	}

	/**
	 * 获取请求方式对象，比如HttpGet对象HttpPost对象
	 * 
	 * @param map    传递参数
	 * @param url    请求地址
	 * @param method 请求方式
	 */
	public static HttpUriRequest getRequestMethod(Map<String, String> map, String url, String method) {
		List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
		if (map != null) {
			Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
			for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : entrySet) {
				String name = e.getKey();
				String value = e.getValue();
				NameValuePair pair = new BasicNameValuePair(name, value);
				params.add(pair);
			}
		}

		HttpUriRequest reqMethod = null;
		if ("post".equals(method)) {
			reqMethod = RequestBuilder.post().setUri(url)
					.addParameters(params.toArray(new BasicNameValuePair[params.size()])).setConfig(requestConfig)
					.build();
		} else if ("get".equals(method)) {
			reqMethod = RequestBuilder.get().setUri(url)
					.addParameters(params.toArray(new BasicNameValuePair[params.size()])).setConfig(requestConfig)
					.build();
		}
		return reqMethod;
	}

	public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
//		Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
//		map.put("account", "");
//		map.put("password", "");

		HttpClient client = getConnection();
		HttpUriRequest get = getRequestMethod(null, "http://www.baidu.com", "get");
		HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);

		if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
			HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
			String message = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
			System.out.println(message);
		} else {
			System.out.println("请求失败");
		}
	}

}