1.HttpClient作用:
- 发送HTTP请求
- 接收响应数据
2.引入HttpClient的maven坐标:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.13</version>
</dependency>
HttpClient的核心API:
- HttpClient:Http客户端对象类型,使用该类型对象可发起Http请求。
- HttpClients:可认为是构建器,可创建HttpClient对象。
- CloseableHttpClient:实现类,实现了HttpClient接口。
- HttpGet:Get方式请求类型。
- HttpPost:Post方式请求类型。
HttpClient发送请求步骤:
- 创建HttpClient对象
- 创建Http请求对象
- 调用HttpClient的execute方法发送请求
3.1.GET方式请求:
1. 创建HttpClient对象
2. 创建请求对象
3. 发送请求,接受响应结果
4. 解析结果
5. 关闭资源
@SpringBootTest
public class HttpClientTest {
/**
* 测试通过httpclient发送GET方式的请求
*/
@Test
public void testGET() throws Exception{
//创建httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
//创建请求对象
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8080/user/shop/status");
//发送请求,接受响应结果
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
//获取服务端返回的状态码
int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println("服务端返回的状态码为:" + statusCode);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
String body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
System.out.println("服务端返回的数据为:" + body);
//关闭资源
response.close();
httpClient.close();
}
}
3.2.POST方式请求:
1. 创建HttpClient对象
2. 创建请求对象,设置入参,指定编码方式和数据格式
3. 发送请求,接收响应结果
4. 解析响应结果
5. 关闭资源
/**
* 测试通过httpclient发送POST方式的请求
*/
@Test
public void testPOST() throws Exception{
// 创建httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
//创建请求对象
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/admin/employee/login");
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
jsonObject.put("username","admin");
jsonObject.put("password","123456");
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonObject.toString());
//指定请求编码方式
entity.setContentEncoding("utf-8");
//数据格式
entity.setContentType("application/json");
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
//发送请求
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
//解析返回结果
int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println("响应码为:" + statusCode);
HttpEntity entity1 = response.getEntity();
String body = EntityUtils.toString(entity1);
System.out.println("响应数据为:" + body);
//关闭资源
response.close();
httpClient.close();
}