NavigationDrawer抽屉导航栏（如知乎）简析

1.NavigationDrawer抽屉导航栏特点说明

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• 1.这个例子说明了安卓底库自带的DrawerLayout布局控件的一般用法
• 2.当一个左侧drawer式的导航栏存在时，活动的activity会检测Actionbar上的按钮是否被按下，以此来显示或者关闭导航栏
• 3.ActionBarDrawerToggle有利于这种操作
• 4.抽屉内的item(每一项)应分为两类：
  
  • 4.1视图切换 视图切换与列表或标签导航（如listview导航）遵循相同的基本策略，因此一个视图切换不会创建导航历史。 这种模式只能在一项任务的的根activity 中使用，即任何界面都能通过Actionbar触发出drawer式的抽屉导航栏
  • 4.2 item选择
• 5.不建议使用右侧抽屉来导航，一般用于具体的点击事件。这是遵循导航栏以及触发他的Actionbar按钮应居左而具体的点击事件按钮应居右 的模式的指导。
• 6.一个事件应当在当前的窗口上进行操作，举例来说启用或者禁用当前的数据覆盖

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2.代码详解

activity_main.xml

DrawerLayout布局为android-support-v4.jar包自带，drawerLayout其实是一个布局控件，跟LinearLayout等控件是一种东西，但是drawerLayout带有滑动的功能。只要按照drawerLayout的规定布局方式写完布局，就能有侧滑的效果。
有两点要注意：主内容区的布局代码要放在侧滑菜单布局的前面,这可以帮助DrawerLayout判断谁是侧滑菜单，谁是主内容区；侧滑菜单的部分的布局（这里是ListView）可以设置layout_gravity属性，他表示侧滑菜单是在左边还是右边。

<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/content_frame"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />

    <!-- android:layout_gravity="start" tells DrawerLayout to treat
         this as a sliding drawer on the left side for left-to-right
         languages and on the right side for right-to-left languages.
         The drawer is given a fixed width in dp and extends the full height of
         the container. A solid background is used for contrast
         with the content view. -->
    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/left_drawer"
        android:layout_width="240dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_gravity="start"
        android:choiceMode="singleChoice"
        android:divider="@android:color/transparent"
        android:dividerHeight="0dp"
        android:background="#111"/>
</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>

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fragment_planet.xml

<ImageView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/image"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#000000"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:padding="32dp" />

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drawer_list_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:padding="16dp"
    android:gravity="center_vertical"
    android:background="@drawable/activated_background"
    >

    <ImageView 
        android:id="@+id/item_icon"
        android:layout_marginRight="10dp"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

    <TextView 
        android:id="@+id/item_title"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceListItemSmall"
        android:textColor="@drawable/text_color_primary_invertible"
        android:gravity="center_vertical"
    />

</LinearLayout>

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DrawerListItem.java

导航栏控件信息类

package com.hujin.navigationviewer;

import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;

public class DrawerListItem {
    private Drawable icon;  //控件图标
    private String title;   //控件文字说明

    public DrawerListItem() {
    }

    public DrawerListItem(Drawable icon, String title) {
        this.icon = icon;
        this.title = title;
    }

    public Drawable getIcon() {
        return icon;
    }
    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }
    public void setIcon(Drawable icon) {
        this.icon = icon;
    }
    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }
}

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DrawerListAdapter.java

这里适配器没有做优化，优化代码最后附上，这里只是做个说明

package com.hujin.navigationviewer;

import java.util.List;

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class DrawerListAdapter extends BaseAdapter {

    private LayoutInflater mInflater;
    private List<DrawerListItem> mItems;

    public DrawerListAdapter(Context context, List<DrawerListItem> data) {
        this.mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
        this.mItems = data;
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return mItems.size();
    }

    @Override
    public DrawerListItem getItem(int position) {
        return mItems.get(position);
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }
    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        DrawerListItem item = getItem(position);
        TextView itemTitle = null;
        ImageView itemIcon = null;
        if(convertView == null){
            convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.drawer_list_item, null);
        }
        itemTitle = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.item_title); 
        itemIcon = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.item_icon);
        itemTitle.setText(item.getTitle());
        itemIcon.setBackground(item.getIcon());
        return convertView;
    }

}

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MainActivity.java

package com.hujin.navigationviewer;



import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;


import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.app.FragmentManager;
import android.app.SearchManager;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.res.Configuration;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.ActionBarDrawerToggle;
import android.support.v4.view.GravityCompat;
import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuInflater;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
    private ListView mDrawerListView;
    private ActionBarDrawerToggle mDrawerToggle;

    private CharSequence mDrawerTitle;
    private CharSequence mTitle;
    private String[] mPlanetTitles;
    private List<DrawerListItem> mData = new ArrayList<DrawerListItem>();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        mTitle = mDrawerTitle = getTitle();
        mPlanetTitles = getResources().getStringArray(R.array.planets_array); //侧边栏文字集合
        mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
        mDrawerListView  = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.left_drawer);  //left_drawer是listview控件，在DrawerLayout布局中

        // set a custom shadow that overlays the main content when the drawer opens
        mDrawerLayout.setDrawerShadow(R.drawable.drawer_shadow, GravityCompat.START); //设置shadow
        // set up the drawer's list view with items and click listener

        int[] itemIconRes = {
                R.drawable.ic_drawer_collect_normal,
                R.drawable.ic_drawer_explore_normal,
                R.drawable.ic_drawer_follow_normal,
                R.drawable.ic_drawer_collect_normal,
                R.drawable.ic_drawer_draft_normal,
                R.drawable.ic_drawer_question_normal,
                R.drawable.ic_drawer_setting_normal};

        //List<DrawerListItem>添加元素
        for (int i = 0; i < itemIconRes.length; i++) {
            DrawerListItem item = new DrawerListItem(getResources().getDrawable(itemIconRes[i]), mPlanetTitles[i]);
            mData.add(item);
        }  

        //mDrawerList.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,R.layout.drawer_list_item, mPlanetTitles));
        //上句代码为简单的适配器加载方式，因需要listview丰富点，有图标有文字所以弃用
        /加载适配器
        DrawerListAdapter adapter = new DrawerListAdapter(this, mData);
        mDrawerListView.setAdapter(adapter);
        mDrawerListView .setOnItemClickListener(new DrawerItemClickListener());

        // enable ActionBar app icon to behave as action to toggle nav drawer
        getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);  // 给左上角图标的左边加上一个返回的图标 。对应ActionBar.DISPLAY_HOME_AS_UP
        getActionBar().setHomeButtonEnabled(true);  //决定左上角的图标是否可以点击。 true 图标可以点击  false 不可以点击。

        // ActionBarDrawerToggle ties together the the proper interactions
        // between the sliding drawer and the action bar app icon
        //drawerLayout左侧菜单（或者右侧）的展开与隐藏可以被DrawerLayout.DrawerListener的实现监听到，这样你就可以在菜单展开与隐藏反生的时刻做一些希望做的事情，
        //比如更新actionbar菜单等。如果你的activity有actionbar的话，还是建议你用ActionBarDrawerToggle来监听，ActionBarDrawerToggle实现了DrawerListener，
        //所以他能做DrawerListener可以做的任何事情，同时他还能将drawerLayout的展开和隐藏与actionbar的app 图标关联起来，当展开与隐藏的时候图标有一定的平移效果，点击图标的时候还能展开或者隐藏菜单。
        mDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(
                this,                  /* host Activity */
                mDrawerLayout,         /* DrawerLayout object */
                R.drawable.ic_drawer,  /* 点击触发抽屉导航栏的图标 */
                R.string.drawer_open,  /* "open drawer" description for accessibility */
                R.string.drawer_close  /* "close drawer" description for accessibility */
                ) {
            public void onDrawerClosed(View view) {  //导航栏关闭的触发事件
                getActionBar().setTitle(mTitle);
                invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to onPrepareOptionsMenu()
            }

            public void onDrawerOpened(View drawerView) { //导航栏开启的触发事件
                getActionBar().setTitle(mDrawerTitle);
                invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to onPrepareOptionsMenu()
            }
        };
        mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mDrawerToggle);  //导航栏设置监听

        if (savedInstanceState == null) {
            selectItem(0);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
        inflater.inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
        return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
    }

    /* Called whenever we call invalidateOptionsMenu() */
     //onDrawerClosed与onDrawerOpened调用的方法
    @Override
    public boolean onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // If the nav drawer is open, hide action items related to the content view
        boolean drawerOpen = mDrawerLayout.isDrawerOpen(mDrawerListView );
        menu.findItem(R.id.action_websearch).setVisible(!drawerOpen);
        return super.onPrepareOptionsMenu(menu);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
         // The action bar home/up action should open or close the drawer.
         // ActionBarDrawerToggle will take care of this.
        if (mDrawerToggle.onOptionsItemSelected(item)) {
            return true;
        }
        // Handle action buttons
        switch(item.getItemId()) {
        case R.id.action_websearch:
            // create intent to perform web search for this planet
            Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_WEB_SEARCH);
            intent.putExtra(SearchManager.QUERY, getActionBar().getTitle());
            // catch event that there's no activity to handle intent
            if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
                startActivity(intent);
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(this, R.string.app_not_available, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }
            return true;
        default:
            return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
        }
    }

    /* The click listner for ListView in the navigation drawer */
    private class DrawerItemClickListener implements ListView.OnItemClickListener {
        @Override
        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
            selectItem(position); //position所在位置被触发的方法
        }
    }

    private void selectItem(int position) {
        // update the main content by replacing fragments
        Fragment fragment = new PlanetFragment();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        args.putInt(PlanetFragment.ARG_PLANET_NUMBER, position);
        fragment.setArguments(args);

        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
        fragmentManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.content_frame, fragment).commit();

        // update selected item and title, then close the drawer
        mDrawerListView .setItemChecked(position, true);
        setTitle(mPlanetTitles[position]);  //将标签文字设置为选中的item项的文字
        mDrawerLayout.closeDrawer(mDrawerListView );
    }

    @Override//设置Actionbar标题
    public void setTitle(CharSequence title) {
        mTitle = title;
        getActionBar().setTitle(mTitle);
    }

    /**
     * When using the ActionBarDrawerToggle, you must call it during
     * onPostCreate() and onConfigurationChanged()...
     */

    @Override
    protected void onPostCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onPostCreate(savedInstanceState);
        // Sync the toggle state after onRestoreInstanceState has occurred.
        mDrawerToggle.syncState();
    }

    @Override
    public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) {
        super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
        // Pass any configuration change to the drawer toggls
        mDrawerToggle.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
    }

    /**
     * Fragment that appears in the "content_frame", shows a planet
     */
     //内部类PlanetFragment
    public static class PlanetFragment extends Fragment {
        public static final String ARG_PLANET_NUMBER = "planet_number";

        public PlanetFragment() {
            // Empty constructor required for fragment subclasses
        }

        @Override
        public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_planet, container, false);
            int i = getArguments().getInt(ARG_PLANET_NUMBER);
            String planet = getResources().getStringArray(R.array.planets_array)[i];

            int imageId = getResources().getIdentifier(planet.toLowerCase(Locale.getDefault()),
                            "drawable", getActivity().getPackageName());
            ((ImageView) rootView.findViewById(R.id.image)).setImageResource(imageId);
            getActivity().setTitle(planet);
            return rootView;
        }
    }
}

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strings.xml

<resources>
    <string name="app_name">Navigation Drawer Example</string>
    <string-array name="planets_array">
        <item>Mercury</item>
        <item>Venus</item>
        <item>Earth</item>
        <item>Mars</item>
        <item>Jupiter</item>
        <item>Saturn</item>
        <item>Uranus</item>
        <item>Neptune</item>
    </string-array>
    <string name="drawer_open">Open navigation drawer</string>
    <string name="drawer_close">Close navigation drawer</string>
    <string name="action_websearch">Web search</string>
    <string name="app_not_available">Sorry, there\'s no web browser available</string>
</resources>

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demo代码

demo代码链接：http://download.csdn.net/detail/bruce_shan/9485005

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