JSP全称是Java Server Pages,它和servle技术一样,都是SUN公司定义的一种用于开发动态web资源的技术。
JSP这门技术的最大的特点在于,写jsp就像在写html,但它相比html而言,
html只能为用户提供静态数据,而Jsp技术允许在页面中嵌套java代码,为用户提供动态数据。
首先,我们给出一个结论:Jsp其实也是Servlet。
浏览器向服务器发请求,不管访问的是什么资源,其实都是在访问Servlet,
所以当访问一个jsp页面时,其实也是在访问一个Servlet,服务器在执行jsp的时候,首先把jsp翻译成一个Servlet,所以我们访问jsp时,其实不是在访问jsp,而是在访问jsp翻译过后的那个Servlet。
为了验证Jsp也是Servlet,我们来新建一个Jsp。
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'Test.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
This is my JSP page. <br>
<h2>JSPEEE</h2>
<form action="">
<input type="text" value="朦朦"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
我们访问这个jsp:http://localhost:8080/Jsp/Test.jsp
第一次执行Jsp文件时,在Web容器中找到需要执行的.jsp文件之后,.jsp文件通过转换变为.java文件,.java文件经过编译后,形成*.class文件
最终服务器要执行形成的*.class文件。
之后第二次执行因为已经存在了*.class文件,所以不在需要转换和编译的过程,和Servlet一样,只会被Web容器实例化一次。
修改Jsp后执行:源文件已经被修改过了,所以需要重新转换,重新编译。
那此时Jsp第一次被执行后,转换的java文件和class文件在哪呢?
当我们通过MyEclipse编译的时候,会默认的存放位置,放在tomcat目录下,不需要我们去设置。
默认在Tomcat跟目录下的//work//Catalina//localhost//工程名下
但是如果是Eclipse的话,默认的工程名在Eclipse的WorkSpace下的.metadata目录下,不利于我们查找。我们一般要将Jsp的存储路径放在Tomcat目录下,那这时该怎么设置呢。我们找到Servers,双击Servers设置,按下图设置
现在我们找出相应的java文件
/*
* Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat
* Version: Apache Tomcat/8.0.35
* Generated at: 2017-03-28 13:16:35 UTC
* Note: The last modified time of this file was set to
* the last modified time of the source file after
* generation to assist with modification tracking.
*/
package org.apache.jsp;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.jsp.*;
import java.util.*;
public final class Test_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent,
org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceImports {
private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory =
javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();
private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants;
private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_packages;
private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_classes;
static {
_jspx_imports_packages = new java.util.HashSet<>();
_jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet");
_jspx_imports_packages.add("java.util");
_jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.jsp");
_jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.http");
_jspx_imports_classes = null;
}
private volatile javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
private volatile org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager;
public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() {
return _jspx_dependants;
}
public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getPackageImports() {
return _jspx_imports_packages;
}
public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getClassImports() {
return _jspx_imports_classes;
}
public javax.el.ExpressionFactory _jsp_getExpressionFactory() {
if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
_el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
}
}
}
return _el_expressionfactory;
}
public org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_getInstanceManager() {
if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
_jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig());
}
}
}
return _jsp_instancemanager;
}
public void _jspInit() {
}
public void _jspDestroy() {
}
public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {
final java.lang.String _jspx_method = request.getMethod();
if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method) && !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method) && !javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) {
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSPs only permit GET POST or HEAD");
return;
}
final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;
final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;
final java.lang.Object page = this;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;
try {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
null, true, 8192, true);
_jspx_page_context = pageContext;
application = pageContext.getServletContext();
config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
session = pageContext.getSession();
out = pageContext.getOut();
_jspx_out = out;
out.write('\r');
out.write('\n');
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\r\n");
out.write("<html>\r\n");
out.write(" <head>\r\n");
out.write(" <base href=\"");
out.print(basePath);
out.write("\">\r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write(" <title>My JSP 'Test.jsp' starting page</title>\r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"pragma\" content=\"no-cache\">\r\n");
out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"cache-control\" content=\"no-cache\">\r\n");
out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"expires\" content=\"0\"> \r\n");
out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"keywords\" content=\"keyword1,keyword2,keyword3\">\r\n");
out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"description\" content=\"This is my page\">\r\n");
out.write("\t<!--\r\n");
out.write("\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"styles.css\">\r\n");
out.write("\t-->\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write(" </head>\r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write(" <body>\r\n");
out.write(" This is my JSP page. <br>\r\n");
out.write(" <h2>JSPEEE</h2>\r\n");
out.write(" <form action=\"\">\r\n");
out.write(" <input type=\"text\" value=\"朦朦\"/>\r\n");
out.write(" </form>\r\n");
out.write(" </body>\r\n");
out.write("</html>\r\n");
} catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
out = _jspx_out;
if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
try {
if (response.isCommitted()) {
out.flush();
} else {
out.clearBuffer();
}
} catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
else throw new ServletException(t);
}
} finally {
_jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
}
}
}
我们看该类实现了HttpJspBase
public final class Test_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent,
org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceImports
我们看HttpJspBase这个类
public abstract class HttpJspBase extends HttpServlet implements HttpJspPage {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected HttpJspBase() {
}
@Override
public final void init(ServletConfig config)
throws ServletException
{
super.init(config);
jspInit();
_jspInit();
}
@Override
public String getServletInfo() {
return Localizer.getMessage("jsp.engine.info");
}
@Override
public final void destroy() {
jspDestroy();
_jspDestroy();
}
/**
* Entry point into service.
*/
@Override
public final void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException
{
_jspService(request, response);
}
@Override
public void jspInit() {
}
public void _jspInit() {
}
@Override
public void jspDestroy() {
}
protected void _jspDestroy() {
}
@Override
public abstract void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException;
}
我们可以很清楚的看到,这个类实现了HttpServlet,所以,Jsp也是Servlet.
我们再来关注下_jspService方法
public void _jspService(
final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request,
final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {
final java.lang.String _jspx_method = request.getMethod();
if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method)
&& !"POST".equals(_jspx_method)
&& !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method)
&& !javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request
.getDispatcherType())) {
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED,
"JSPs only permit GET POST or HEAD");
return;
}
final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;
final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;
final java.lang.Object page = this;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;
try {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
null, true, 8192, true);
_jspx_page_context = pageContext;
application = pageContext.getServletContext();
config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
session = pageContext.getSession();
out = pageContext.getOut();
_jspx_out = out;
out.write('\r');
out.write('\n');
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\r\n");
out.write("<html>\r\n");
out.write(" <head>\r\n");
out.write(" <base href=\"");
out.print(basePath);
out.write("\">\r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write(" <title>My JSP 'Test.jsp' starting page</title>\r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"pragma\" content=\"no-cache\">\r\n");
out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"cache-control\" content=\"no-cache\">\r\n");
out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"expires\" content=\"0\"> \r\n");
out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"keywords\" content=\"keyword1,keyword2,keyword3\">\r\n");
out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"description\" content=\"This is my page\">\r\n");
out.write("\t<!--\r\n");
out.write("\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"styles.css\">\r\n");
out.write("\t-->\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write(" </head>\r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write(" <body>\r\n");
out.write(" This is my JSP page. <br>\r\n");
out.write(" <h2>JSPEEE</h2>\r\n");
out.write(" <form action=\"\">\r\n");
out.write(" <input type=\"text\" value=\"朦朦\"/>\r\n");
out.write(" </form>\r\n");
out.write(" </body>\r\n");
out.write("</html>\r\n");
} catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)) {
out = _jspx_out;
if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
try {
if (response.isCommitted()) {
out.flush();
} else {
out.clearBuffer();
}
} catch (java.io.IOException e) {
}
if (_jspx_page_context != null)
_jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
else
throw new ServletException(t);
}
} finally {
_jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
}
}
我们都知道在jsp中有9大内置对象,其中page对象,request和response已经完成了实例化,这一点在程序中很容易看出来
page就是this,当前对象 request代表HttpServletRequest,response代表HttpResponse,这两个对象在Servlet容器(Tomcat)调用Servlet的Service方法之前
就被实例化
那么其他的对象是怎样被实例化的呢
我们随便百度,很快就可以知道我们可以通过jsp9大内置对象中的pageContext对象获得别的对象引用,那这是怎么做到的呢
我们查看代码一看
application = pageContext.getServletContext();
config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
session = pageContext.getSession();
out = pageContext.getOut();
原来这里的实例化application,config,session,out直接调用了PageContext的相应对象呀。也就是说PageContext对象都保存了其他对象的引用
那PageContext对象是怎样得到这些对象的引用的呢(总不可能一开始就存在PageContext对象中把)
我们看代码,发现,得到pageContext是通过 pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
null, true, 8192, true);
这个方法得到的
那么一目了然,肯定是通过这个方法将其他内置对象的引用赋给了pageContext
我们就来看下这个方法的具体实现。
JspFactory抽象类
public abstract PageContext getPageContext(Servlet servlet,
ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
String errorPageURL, boolean needsSession, int buffer,
boolean autoflush);
JspFactory的子类JspFactory,实现了getPageContext方法
public PageContext getPageContext(Servlet servlet, ServletRequest request,
ServletResponse response, String errorPageURL, boolean needsSession,
int bufferSize, boolean autoflush) {
if( Constants.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED ) {
PrivilegedGetPageContext dp = new PrivilegedGetPageContext(
this, servlet, request, response, errorPageURL,
needsSession, bufferSize, autoflush);
return AccessController.doPrivileged(dp);
} else {
return internalGetPageContext(servlet, request, response,
errorPageURL, needsSession,
bufferSize, autoflush);
}
}
@Override
public void initialize(Servlet servlet, ServletRequest request,
ServletResponse response, String errorPageURL,
boolean needsSession, int bufferSize, boolean autoFlush)
throws IOException {
_initialize(servlet, request, response, errorPageURL, needsSession,
bufferSize, autoFlush);
}
private void _initialize(Servlet servlet, ServletRequest request,
ServletResponse response, String errorPageURL,
boolean needsSession, int bufferSize, boolean autoFlush) {
// initialize state
this.servlet = servlet;
this.config = servlet.getServletConfig();
this.context = config.getServletContext();
this.errorPageURL = errorPageURL;
this.request = request;
this.response = response;
// initialize application context
this.applicationContext = JspApplicationContextImpl.getInstance(context);
// Setup session (if required)
if (request instanceof HttpServletRequest && needsSession)
this.session = ((HttpServletRequest) request).getSession();
if (needsSession && session == null)
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Page needs a session and none is available");
// initialize the initial out ...
depth = -1;
if (this.baseOut == null) {
this.baseOut = new JspWriterImpl(response, bufferSize, autoFlush);
} else {
this.baseOut.init(response, bufferSize, autoFlush);
}
this.out = baseOut;
// register names/values as per spec
setAttribute(OUT, this.out);
setAttribute(REQUEST, request);
setAttribute(RESPONSE, response);
if (session != null)
setAttribute(SESSION, session);
setAttribute(PAGE, servlet);
setAttribute(CONFIG, config);
setAttribute(PAGECONTEXT, this);
setAttribute(APPLICATION, context);
isIncluded = request.getAttribute(
RequestDispatcher.INCLUDE_SERVLET_PATH) != null;
}
注意最后的setAttribute
其实你发现,就是封装了其他对象而已,并没有做太多的工作
config对象的获取:是通过Servlet容器初始化Servlet对象时,执行构造方法后,调用init(ServletConfig config),
这时Servlet容器会将ServletConfig对象传递给init(ServletConfig config)
接着才是调用Service。这里调用的是HttpJspBase中的该方法,这个类实现了基类GenericServlet的init(ServletConfig config)
在执行init(ServletConfig config)后,我们便得到了config的引用,所以在Service方法中调用getServletConfig当然可得到
config:即代码中的:this.config = servlet.getServletConfig();
接着调用:this.context = config.getServletContext();(ServletConfig保存了ServletContext的引用,可查看源码)
session通过request.getSession();得到
总之,全都是封装了。一切都是封装,抽象。
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
this.config = config;
this.init();
}
再说一句:注意这里的setAttribute();!!!!!!!!以后会分析到**