进入网站 PostgreSQL: Downloads 选择您要操作的系统，我这里使用centos7操作系统，且一下都是以此为演示。
1、选择信息并复制脚本
2、关闭防火墙并设置开机不启用
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
3、登录centos操作系统粘贴复制的脚本信息，执行信息如下；
[root@localhost ~]# sudo yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
已加载插件：fastestmirror
pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm | 8.6 kB 00:00:00
正在检查 /var/tmp/yum-root-AxNpNu/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm: pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-28.noarch
/var/tmp/yum-root-AxNpNu/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm 将被安装
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 pgdg-redhat-repo.noarch.0.42.0-28 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
===========================================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
===========================================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
pgdg-redhat-repo noarch 42.0-28 /pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch 13 k
事务概要
===========================================================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总计：13 k
安装大小：13 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-28.noarch 1/1
验证中 : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-28.noarch 1/1
已安装:
pgdg-redhat-repo.noarch 0:42.0-28
完毕！
[root@localhost ~]# sudo yum install -y postgresql12-server
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
pgdg-common/7/x86_64/signature | 198 B 00:00:00
从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
用户ID : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
指纹 : 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8
软件包 : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-28.noarch (@/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch)
来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
pgdg-common/7/x86_64/signature | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 !!!
pgdg10/7/x86_64/signature | 198 B 00:00:00
从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
用户ID : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
指纹 : 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8
软件包 : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-28.noarch (@/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch)
来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
pgdg10/7/x86_64/signature | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 !!!
pgdg11/7/x86_64/signature | 198 B 00:00:00
从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
用户ID : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
指纹 : 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8
软件包 : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-28.noarch (@/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch)
来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
pgdg11/7/x86_64/signature | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 !!!
pgdg12/7/x86_64/signature | 198 B 00:00:00
从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
用户ID : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
指纹 : 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8
软件包 : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-28.noarch (@/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch)
来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
pgdg12/7/x86_64/signature | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 !!!
pgdg13/7/x86_64/signature | 198 B 00:00:00
从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
用户ID : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
指纹 : 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8
软件包 : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-28.noarch (@/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch)
来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
pgdg13/7/x86_64/signature | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 !!!
pgdg14/7/x86_64/signature | 198 B 00:00:00
从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
用户ID : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
指纹 : 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8
软件包 : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-28.noarch (@/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch)
来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
pgdg14/7/x86_64/signature | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 !!!
pgdg15/7/x86_64/signature | 198 B 00:00:00
从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
用户ID : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
指纹 : 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8
软件包 : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-28.noarch (@/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch)
来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
pgdg15/7/x86_64/signature | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 !!!
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/17): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:00
(2/17): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 249 kB 00:00:00
(3/17): pgdg10/7/x86_64/group_gz | 245 B 00:00:01
(4/17): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00:02
(5/17): pgdg11/7/x86_64/group_gz | 245 B 00:00:01
(6/17): pgdg-common/7/x86_64/primary_db | 165 kB 00:00:02
(7/17): pgdg13/7/x86_64/group_gz | 246 B 00:00:00
(8/17): pgdg10/7/x86_64/primary_db | 400 kB 00:00:02
(9/17): pgdg14/7/x86_64/group_gz | 244 B 00:00:00
(10/17): pgdg11/7/x86_64/primary_db | 453 kB 00:00:01
(11/17): pgdg12/7/x86_64/primary_db | 339 kB 00:00:01
(12/17): pgdg14/7/x86_64/primary_db | 159 kB 00:00:00
(13/17): pgdg12/7/x86_64/group_gz | 245 B 00:00:01
(14/17): pgdg13/7/x86_64/primary_db | 246 kB 00:00:00
(15/17): pgdg15/7/x86_64/group_gz | 246 B 00:00:00
(16/17): pgdg15/7/x86_64/primary_db | 70 kB 00:00:00
(17/17): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 18 MB 00:00:05
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 postgresql12-server.x86_64.0.12.13-1PGDG.rhel7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 postgresql12-libs(x86-64) = 12.13-1PGDG.rhel7，它被软件包 postgresql12-server-12.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 postgresql12(x86-64) = 12.13-1PGDG.rhel7，它被软件包 postgresql12-server-12.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libpq.so.5()(64bit)，它被软件包 postgresql12-server-12.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libicuuc.so.50()(64bit)，它被软件包 postgresql12-server-12.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libicui18n.so.50()(64bit)，它被软件包 postgresql12-server-12.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 libicu.x86_64.0.50.2-4.el7_7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 postgresql12.x86_64.0.12.13-1PGDG.rhel7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 postgresql12-libs.x86_64.0.12.13-1PGDG.rhel7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
===========================================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
===========================================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
postgresql12-server x86_64 12.13-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg12 5.1 M
为依赖而安装:
libicu x86_64 50.2-4.el7_7 base 6.9 M
postgresql12 x86_64 12.13-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg12 1.6 M
postgresql12-libs x86_64 12.13-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg12 376 k
事务概要
===========================================================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包 (+3 依赖软件包)
总下载量：14 M
安装大小：54 M
Downloading packages:
警告：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/libicu-50.2-4.el7_7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY MB/s | 5.3 MB 00:00:04 ETA
libicu-50.2-4.el7_7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
(1/4): libicu-50.2-4.el7_7.x86_64.rpm | 6.9 MB 00:00:01
警告：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/pgdg12/packages/postgresql12-libs-12.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 442df0f8: NOKEY00:00:03 ETA
postgresql12-libs-12.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
(2/4): postgresql12-libs-12.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 376 kB 00:00:02
(3/4): postgresql12-server-12.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 5.1 MB 00:00:06
(4/4): postgresql12-12.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 1.6 MB 00:00:12
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 1.1 MB/s | 14 MB 00:00:12
从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
用户ID : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
指纹 : 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8
软件包 : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-28.noarch (@/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch)
来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
用户ID : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
指纹 : 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
软件包 : centos-release-7-9.2009.0.el7.centos.x86_64 (@anaconda)
来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : libicu-50.2-4.el7_7.x86_64 1/4
正在安装 : postgresql12-libs-12.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 2/4
正在安装 : postgresql12-12.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 3/4
正在安装 : postgresql12-server-12.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 4/4
验证中 : postgresql12-libs-12.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 1/4
验证中 : postgresql12-12.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 2/4
验证中 : postgresql12-server-12.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 3/4
验证中 : libicu-50.2-4.el7_7.x86_64 4/4
已安装:
postgresql12-server.x86_64 0:12.13-1PGDG.rhel7
作为依赖被安装:
libicu.x86_64 0:50.2-4.el7_7 postgresql12.x86_64 0:12.13-1PGDG.rhel7 postgresql12-libs.x86_64 0:12.13-1PGDG.rhel7
完毕！
[root@localhost ~]# sudo /usr/pgsql-12/bin/postgresql-12-setup initdb
Initializing database ... OK
[root@localhost ~]# sudo systemctl enable postgresql-12
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postgresql-12.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-12.service.
[root@localhost ~]# sudo systemctl start postgresql-12
4、开启原创访问
修改 /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/ 下的 postgresql.conf 文件如下信息取消注释并修改值
修改同级别pg_ident.conf文件改为如下信息
5、修改登录密码
su postgres
\password
输入两次密码一致，记录信息如下：
[root@localhost ~]# su postgres
bash-4.2$ psql
could not change directory to "/root": 权限不够
psql (12.13)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# \password
Enter new password for user "postgres":
Enter it again:
6、重启数据库 systemctl restart postgresql-12
7、客户端连接
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