docker入门基础实践

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-20 13:32:05 发布

BuLingLings

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-20 13:32:05 发布

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分类专栏： Docker 文章标签： docker

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/BuLingLings/article/details/109352542

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声明：参考B站视频，自学成长记录
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4?from=search&seid=12319898488763080460

docker简介

Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的镜像中，然后发布到任何流行的 Linux或Windows 机器上，也可以实现虚拟化
容器是完全使用沙箱机制，相互之间不会有任何接口

docker结构

在这里插入图片描述

安装docker

参考官方文档：https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/

卸载docker

[root@localhost ~]# yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine

需要的安装包

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y yum-utils
......
更新完毕:
  yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-54.el7_8

完毕！

设置镜像的仓库（推荐阿里云）

[root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

更新yum软件包索引

[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache fast

安装社区版docker ce:社区版 / ee:企业版本

[root@localhost ~]# yum install docker-ce

启动docker / 加入开机启动项

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable docker

查看docker 版本

[root@localhost ~]# docker version

测试

[root@localhost ~]# docker run hello-world

配置镜像加速 --> 提高镜像下载速度

#1.创建一个目录
[root@localhost ~]# sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker

#2.编写配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
 "registry-mirrors": ["https://t2wwyxhb.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
 EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://t2wwyxhb.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}

#3.重启服务
[root@localhost ~]# sudo systemctl daemon-reload

查看已经下载的镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG         IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest      bf756fb1ae65      	7 months ago        13.3kB

列出所有镜像ID

[root@localhost ~]# docker images -qa
bf756fb1ae65

查看镜像的元数据

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY       TAG         IMAGE ID        CREATED             SIZE
centos           latest      0d120b6ccaa8    6 days ago          215MB

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 0d120b6ccaa8
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:0d120b6ccaa8c5e149176798b3501d4dd1885f961922497cd0abef155c869566",
        "RepoTags": [
            "centos:latest"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [
            "centos@sha256:76d24f3ba3317fa945743bb3746fbaf3a0b752f10b10376960de01da70685fbd"
        ],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2020-08-10T18:19:49.837885498Z",
        "Container": "3b04ecd9fb2d3f921f12d858edf5f3a6aa7c36c8e1e6f74bd32555fd4d7f7da2",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "3b04ecd9fb2d",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "#(nop) ",
                "CMD [\"/bin/bash\"]"
            ],
            "ArgsEscaped": true,
            "Image": "sha256:69587a438b2c9b803db8ed4f6e6b5abce25a6b8ec2583a394807cf82bfd23693",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200809",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "DockerVersion": "18.09.7",
        "Author": "",
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "ArgsEscaped": true,
            "Image": "sha256:69587a438b2c9b803db8ed4f6e6b5abce25a6b8ec2583a394807cf82bfd23693",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200809",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "Architecture": "amd64",
        "Os": "linux",
        "Size": 215102299,
        "VirtualSize": 215102299,
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4b49de406d785061094f0ea9156599b5c00a38fe9df828a7d4f784f01f8bc36f/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4b49de406d785061094f0ea9156599b5c00a38fe9df828a7d4f784f01f8bc36f/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4b49de406d785061094f0ea9156599b5c00a38fe9df828a7d4f784f01f8bc36f/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "RootFS": {
            "Type": "layers",
            "Layers": [
                "sha256:291f6e44771a7b4399b0c6fb40ab4fe0331ddf76eda11080f052b003d96c7726"
            ]
        },
        "Metadata": {
            "LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        }
    }
]

搭积木地基：Centos

docker中下载centos镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos

查看下载的centos镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG            IMAGE ID          CREATED           SIZE
centos              latest         0d120b6ccaa8      6 days ago        215MB

通过centos镜像启动容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@e2e837f35589 /]#

从容器中退出

exit			# 退出容器，容器停止
Ctrl +Q + P		# 退出容器，但是容器不会停止

进入到指定容器ID内

[root@localhost ~]# docker attach ff84530bcb86				#在正在执行的终端操作 
[root@ff84530bcb86 /]#

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it ff84530bcb86 /bin/bash	#开启新的终端执行操作
[root@ff84530bcb86 /]#

查看指定容器ID的进程信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker top ff84530bcb86
UID       PID      PPID     C      STIME     TTY        TIME          CMD       
root      12718    12699    0      19:12     pts/0      00:00:00      /bin/bash

查看指定容器ID的日志信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -tf  de1de0f343be			# 时时刷新

[root@localhost ~]# docker logs --tail 5 de1de0f343be		# 从末尾显示5行

查看容器元数据

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID      IMAGE     COMMAND     CREATED         STATUS   PORTS    NAMES
ff84530bcb86       centos       "/bin/bash"      13 minutes ago  Up 13 minutes        stoic_margulis

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect ff84530bcb86
[
    {
        "Id": "ff84530bcb86612f60bf7c3b49e51b8cc7abb44be129f6eae54f53e72824ae88",
        "Created": "2020-08-17T11:12:36.189793565Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 12718,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-08-17T11:12:36.471575797Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:0d120b6ccaa8c5e149176798b3501d4dd1885f961922497cd0abef155c869566",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ff84530bcb86612f60bf7c3b49e51b8cc7abb44be129f6eae54f53e72824ae88/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ff84530bcb86612f60bf7c3b49e51b8cc7abb44be129f6eae54f53e72824ae88/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ff84530bcb86612f60bf7c3b49e51b8cc7abb44be129f6eae54f53e72824ae88/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ff84530bcb86612f60bf7c3b49e51b8cc7abb44be129f6eae54f53e72824ae88/ff84530bcb86612f60bf7c3b49e51b8cc7abb44be129f6eae54f53e72824ae88-json.log",
        "Name": "/stoic_margulis",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e34dc9cb99966af591a0124861f2b26ede6fe662b7c3124befd9b4050e68c082-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4b49de406d785061094f0ea9156599b5c00a38fe9df828a7d4f784f01f8bc36f/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e34dc9cb99966af591a0124861f2b26ede6fe662b7c3124befd9b4050e68c082/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e34dc9cb99966af591a0124861f2b26ede6fe662b7c3124befd9b4050e68c082/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e34dc9cb99966af591a0124861f2b26ede6fe662b7c3124befd9b4050e68c082/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "ff84530bcb86",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200809",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "fb984c18baa0d99ec40187c3b58645bb7db41d1133dbd50a876e458398486a23",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/fb984c18baa0",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "13e12357222e8822416f35153117a04ea02b64088fccec8e0cbf44804a589e48",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.5",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:05",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "3bed570d9a537511ac6c5c78cebc5d90fbcf99586d40248abc8088c671b94a05",
                    "EndpointID": "13e12357222e8822416f35153117a04ea02b64088fccec8e0cbf44804a589e48",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.5",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:05",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

继续搭积木：Centos + Nginx

检索nginx镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker search nginx

下载nginx镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx

通过nginx镜像启动运行容器

# -d 后台运行
# --name 给容器命名
# -p 宿主机端口：容器内部端口
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name nginx8081 -p 8081:80 nginx
de1de0f343be19bcdeceebf5eb6e0c682b2aedd35f162ec0f264d5b746672c20

命令模式下测试nginx是否启动

[root@localhost ~]# curl localhost:8081

返回如下，表示成功

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

网页访问测试nginx是否启动
在这里插入图片描述
容器外向容器内复制文件

[root@localhost docker]# docker cp /etc/docker/nginx.conf 71aeed1dda0e:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

启动/停止/重启容器

# 根据容器ID 启动容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker start de1de0f343be
de1de0f343be

# 根据容器ID 停止容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop de1de0f343be
de1de0f343be

# 根据容器ID 重启容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker restart de1de0f343be
de1de0f343be

逆向操作

# 停止docker
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop docker

# 删除镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f bf756fb1ae65		# 根据镜像ID删除

[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa)	# 删除所有镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker image inspect --format='{{.RepoTags}} {{.Id}} {{.Parent}}' $(docker image ls -q --filter since=1b4a17450e32)					# 查看镜像依赖

# 通过容器ID删除容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm 2b04ef5b73d5		# 不能删除正在运行的容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f 2b04ef5b73d5		# 强制删掉

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -qa)		# 强制删除所有容器

# 1.1 卸载docker依赖
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 1.2删除docker资源
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/docker	# docker的默认工作路径！

run的工作原理图

在这里插入图片描述

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docker入门基础实践

声明：参考B站视频，自学成长记录https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4?from=search&seid=12319898488763080460docker简介Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的镜像中，然后发布到任何流行的 Linux或Windows 机器上，也可以实现虚拟化容器是完全使用沙箱机制，相互之间不会有任何接口docker结构安装docker参考官方文档：ht.
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