(网络安全数据集二)美国攻击类型数据集通用攻击枚举和分类CAPEC解析

CAPEC 攻击类型枚举和分类数据集解析

CAPEC是常用冲击类型的分类:https://capec.mitre.org/index.html
拿下载到的数据集中某一条攻击类型信息举例: 缓冲区变量溢出攻击

 <Attack_Pattern xmlns:capec="http://capec.mitre.org/capec-3" ID="10" Name="Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables" Abstraction="Detailed" Status="Draft"> 【攻击名称】

         <Description>This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the attacker finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.</Description>【攻击描述】
         <Likelihood_Of_Attack>High</Likelihood_Of_Attack>【攻击发生的可能性】
         <Typical_Severity>High</Typical_Severity>【攻击严重性】

         <Related_Attack_Patterns>
            <Related_Attack_Pattern Nature="ChildOf" CAPEC_ID="100"/>
         </Related_Attack_Patterns>

         <Execution_Flow>【攻击实施方式】
            <Attack_Step>
               <Step>1</Step>
               <Phase>Explore</Phase>【探索】
               <Description>The attacker tries to find an environment variable which can be overwritten for instance by gathering information about the target host (error pages, software's version number, etc.).</Description>
            </Attack_Step>
            <Attack_Step>
               <Step>2</Step>
               <Phase>Experiment</Phase>【实验】
               <Description>The attacker manipulates the environment variable to contain excessive-length content to cause a buffer overflow.</Description>
            </Attack_Step>
            <Attack_Step>
               <Step>3</Step>
               <Phase>Exploit</Phase>【利用】
               <Description>The attacker potentially leverages the buffer overflow to inject maliciously crafted code in an attempt to execute privileged command on the target environment.</Description>
            </Attack_Step>
         </Execution_Flow>

         <Prerequisites>【攻击发生条件】
            <Prerequisite>The application uses environment variables.</Prerequisite>
            <Prerequisite>An environment variable exposed to the user is vulnerable to a buffer overflow.</Prerequisite>
            <Prerequisite>The vulnerable environment variable uses untrusted data.</Prerequisite>
            <Prerequisite>Tainted data used in the environment variables is not properly validated. For instance boundary checking is not done before copying the input data to a buffer.</Prerequisite>
         </Prerequisites>


         <Skills_Required>【技能要求】
            <Skill Level="Low">An attacker can simply overflow a buffer by inserting a long string into an attacker-modifiable injection vector. The result can be a DoS.</Skill>
            <Skill Level="High">Exploiting a buffer overflow to inject malicious code into the stack of a software system or even the heap can require a higher skill level.</Skill>
         </Skills_Required>

         <Indicators>
            <Indicator>If the application does bound checking, it should fail when the data source is larger than the size of the destination buffer. If the application's code is well written, that failure should trigger an alert.</Indicator>
         </Indicators>
         <Consequences>【攻击后果】
            <Consequence>
               <Scope>Availability</Scope>
               <Impact>Unreliable Execution</Impact>
            </Consequence>
            <Consequence>
               <Scope>Confidentiality</Scope>
               <Scope>Integrity</Scope>
               <Scope>Availability</Scope>
               <Impact>Execute Unauthorized Commands</Impact>
               <Note>Run Arbitrary Code</Note>
            </Consequence>
            <Consequence>
               <Scope>Confidentiality</Scope>
               <Impact>Read Data</Impact>
            </Consequence>
            <Consequence>
               <Scope>Integrity</Scope>
               <Impact>Modify Data</Impact>
            </Consequence>
            <Consequence>
               <Scope>Confidentiality</Scope>
               <Scope>Access Control</Scope>
               <Scope>Authorization</Scope>
               <Impact>Gain Privileges</Impact>
            </Consequence>
         </Consequences>

         <Mitigations>【缓解措施】
            <Mitigation>Do not expose environment variable to the user.</Mitigation>
            <Mitigation>Do not use untrusted data in your environment variables.</Mitigation>
            <Mitigation>Use a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking</Mitigation>
            <Mitigation>There are tools such as Sharefuzz [R.10.3] which is an environment variable fuzzer for Unix that support loading a shared library. You can use Sharefuzz to determine if you are exposing an environment variable vulnerable to buffer overflow.</Mitigation>
         </Mitigations>
         <Example_Instances>【例子】
            <Example>
               <xhtml:div style="color:#32498D; font-weight:bold;">Attack Example: Buffer Overflow in $HOME</xhtml:div>
               <xhtml:p>A buffer overflow in sccw allows local users to gain root access via the $HOME environmental variable.</xhtml:p>See also: CVE-1999-0906</Example>
            <Example>
               <xhtml:div style="color:#32498D; font-weight:bold;">Attack Example: Buffer Overflow in TERM</xhtml:div>
               <xhtml:p>A buffer overflow in the rlogin program involves its consumption of the TERM environmental variable.</xhtml:p>See also: CVE-1999-0046</Example>
         </Example_Instances>
         <Related_Weaknesses>【相关弱点】
            <Related_Weakness CWE_ID="120"/>
            <Related_Weakness CWE_ID="302"/>
            <Related_Weakness CWE_ID="118"/>
            <Related_Weakness CWE_ID="119"/>
            <Related_Weakness CWE_ID="74"/>
            <Related_Weakness CWE_ID="99"/>
            <Related_Weakness CWE_ID="20"/>
            <Related_Weakness CWE_ID="680"/>
            <Related_Weakness CWE_ID="733"/>
            <Related_Weakness CWE_ID="697"/>
         </Related_Weaknesses>
         <References>【参考】
            <Reference External_Reference_ID="REF-1"/>
            <Reference External_Reference_ID="REF-2"/>
         </References>
         <Content_History>【历史更新】
            <Submission>
               <Submission_Name>CAPEC Content Team</Submission_Name>
               <Submission_Organization>The MITRE Corporation</Submission_Organization>
               <Submission_Date>2014-06-23</Submission_Date>
            </Submission>
            <Modification>
               <Modification_Name>CAPEC Content Team</Modification_Name>
               <Modification_Organization>The MITRE Corporation</Modification_Organization>
               <Modification_Date>2017-01-09</Modification_Date>
               <Modification_Comment>Updated Related_Attack_Patterns</Modification_Comment>
            </Modification>
            <Modification>
               <Modification_Name>CAPEC Content Team</Modification_Name>
               <Modification_Organization>The MITRE Corporation</Modification_Organization>
               <Modification_Date>2018-07-31</Modification_Date>
               <Modification_Comment>Updated References</Modification_Comment>
            </Modification>
         </Content_History>
      </Attack_Pattern>