8. HTTP、Tomcat、Servlet

---

1. Web核心

2. HTTP

2.1 概述

2.2 请求数据格式

2.3 响应数据格式

/*
    自定义服务器
 */
public class Server {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(8080); // 监听指定端口
        System.out.println("server is running...");
        while (true){
            Socket sock = ss.accept();
            System.out.println("connected from " + sock.getRemoteSocketAddress());
            Thread t = new Handler(sock);
            t.start();
        }
    }
}

class Handler extends Thread {
    Socket sock;

    public Handler(Socket sock) {
        this.sock = sock;
    }

    public void run() {
        try (InputStream input = this.sock.getInputStream()) {
            try (OutputStream output = this.sock.getOutputStream()) {
                handle(input, output);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            try {
                this.sock.close();
            } catch (IOException ioe) {
            }
            System.out.println("client disconnected.");
        }
    }

    private void handle(InputStream input, OutputStream output) throws IOException {
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(input, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(output, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        // 读取HTTP请求:
        boolean requestOk = false;
        String first = reader.readLine();
        if (first.startsWith("GET / HTTP/1.")) {
            requestOk = true;
        }
        for (;;) {
            String header = reader.readLine();
            if (header.isEmpty()) { // 读取到空行时, HTTP Header读取完毕
                break;
            }
            System.out.println(header);
        }
        System.out.println(requestOk ? "Response OK" : "Response Error");
        if (!requestOk) {
            // 发送错误响应:
            writer.write("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found\r\n");
            writer.write("Content-Length: 0\r\n");
            writer.write("\r\n");
            writer.flush();
        } else {
            // 发送成功响应:

            //读取html文件，转换为字符串
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("http/html/a.html"));
            StringBuilder data = new StringBuilder();
            String line = null;
            while ((line = br.readLine()) != null){
                data.append(line);
            }
            br.close();
            int length = data.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8).length;

            writer.write("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n");
            writer.write("Connection: keep-alive\r\n");
            writer.write("Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
            writer.write("Content-Length: " + length + "\r\n");
            writer.write("\r\n"); // 空行标识Header和Body的分隔
            writer.write(data.toString());
            writer.flush();
        }
    }
}

3. Tomcat

3.1 概述

3.2 基本使用

3.3 IDEA中创建Maven Web项目

3.4 IDEA中使用Tomcat

4. Servlet

4.1 概述

4.2 快速入门

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>web-demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>


    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- tomcat 插件 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

/**
 * Servlet 快速入门
 */
@WebServlet("/demo1")
public class ServletDemo1 implements Servlet {


    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("servlet hello world~");
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }

    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }
}

4.3 Servlet执行流程

4.4 Servlet生命周期

/**
 * Servlet 生命周期方法
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns="/demo2",loadOnStartup = 1)
public class ServletDemo2 implements Servlet {

    /**
     * 初始化方法
     * 1. 调用时机：默认情况下，Servlet被第一次访问时，调用
     *      * loadOnStartup:
     * 2. 调用次数：1次
     * @param config
     * @throws ServletException
     */
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("init...");
    }


    /**
     * 提供服务
     * 1. 调用时机：每一次Servlet被访问时，调用
     * 2. 调用次数：多次
     *
     * @param req
     * @param res
     * @throws ServletException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("servlet hello world~");
    }


    /**
     * 销毁方法
     * 1. 调用时机：内存释放或者服务器关闭的时候，Servlet对象会被销毁，调用
     * 2. 调用次数：1次
     */
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("destroy...");
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }
}

/**
 * Servlet 方法介绍
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns="/demo3",loadOnStartup = 1)
public class ServletDemo3 implements Servlet {
    private ServletConfig config;
    /**
     * 初始化方法
     * 1. 调用时机：默认情况下，Servlet被第一次访问时，调用
     *      * loadOnStartup:
     * 2. 调用次数：1次
     * @param config
     * @throws ServletException
     */
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        this.config = config;
        System.out.println("init...");
    }
    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return config;
    }

    /**
     * 提供服务
     * 1. 调用时机：每一次Servlet被访问时，调用
     * 2. 调用次数：多次
     *
     * @param req
     * @param res
     * @throws ServletException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("servlet hello world~");
    }
    
    /**
     * 销毁方法
     * 1. 调用时机：内存释放或者服务器关闭的时候，Servlet对象会被销毁，调用
     * 2. 调用次数：1次
     */
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("destroy...");
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return "";
    }
}

4.5 Servlet体系结构

public class MyHttpServlet implements Servlet {
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 根据请求方式的不同，进行分别的处理

        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;

        //1. 获取请求方式
        String method = request.getMethod();
        //2. 判断
        if("GET".equals(method)){
            // get方式的处理逻辑

            doGet(req,res);
        }else if("POST".equals(method)){
            // post方式的处理逻辑

            doPost(req,res);
        }
    }

    protected void doPost(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) {
    }

    protected void doGet(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) {
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

4.6 Servlet urlPattern配置

/**
 * urlPattern:一个Servlet可以配置多个访问路径
 */

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = {"/demo7","/demo8"})
public class ServletDemo7 extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo7 get...");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
    }
}

/**
 * urlPattern:
 *  * 精确匹配（最常用）
 */

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/user/select")
public class ServletDemo8 extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo8 get...");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
    }
}

/**
 * urlPattern:
 *  * 目录匹配：/user/*
 */

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/user/*")
public class ServletDemo9 extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo9 get...");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

/**
 * urlPattern:
 *  * 扩展名匹配： *.do
 */

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "*.do")
public class ServletDemo10 extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo10 get...");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
    }
}

/**
 * urlPattern:
 *  * 任意匹配：/
 */

//@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/")
public class ServletDemo11 extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo11 get...");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
    }
}

4.7 XML配置方式编写Servlet