10、SpringBoot_测试用例

四、测试用例

1.准备工作

• 添加依赖

  <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
              <optional>true</optional>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
              <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
              <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
              <version>1.2.15</version>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
              <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
              <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
              <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
              <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
              <version>2.2.2</version>
          </dependency>
  
          <dependency>
              <groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
              <artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
              <scope>runtime</scope>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
          </dependency>
  
          <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
              <scope>test</scope>
              <exclusions>
                  <exclusion>
                      <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                      <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                  </exclusion>
              </exclusions>
          </dependency>
  

• 写mapper

  @Mapper
  @Repository
  public interface ItemMapper {
      @Insert("insert into item(name,remark) value(#{name},#{remark})")
      boolean insert(Item item);
  
      @Select("select * from item where id = #{id}")
      public Item getById(Long id);
  
  }
  

• 写接口

  @RestController
  @RequestMapping("/item")
  @Slf4j
  public class ItemController {
  
      @Autowired
      ItemMapper mapper;
  
      @GetMapping("/{id}")
      public Item getById(@PathVariable Long id){
          return mapper.getById(id);
      }
  
      @PostMapping
      public boolean save(@RequestBody Item item){
          log.info("获取方法的入参为:{}",item);
         return mapper.insert(item);
      }
  
  }
  

• 写 domain

  @Data
  public class Item {
      private Long id;
      private String name;
      private String remark;
  }
  

• 提供配置文件

  spring:
    datasource:
      druid:
        url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot_ssm
        username: root
        password: 123456
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
  

2.Web环境模拟测试

2.1目前存在的问题

• 实际测试没有走mvcweb环境，是直接调用接口的

  @SpringBootTest
  class SpringbootTestApplicationTests {
      @Autowired
      ItemController controller;
  
      @Test
      public void testSave(){
          Item item = new Item();
          item.setName("键盘");
          item.setRemark("1000元");
          controller.save(item);
      }
  }
  

• 数据是实际添加到数据库的，应该回滚

• 缺乏实际返回值的对比

2.2模拟web环境测试

• 添加如下属性

  @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
  

  

• 开启虚拟mvc调用

  @AutoConfigureMockMvc
  

• 测试一个请求方法

  @Test
      public void getById(@Autowired MockMvc mvc) throws Exception {// @Autowired MockMvc mvc   也可以通过设置全局变量进行注入
          //创建虚拟请求的
          MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder =
                  MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/item/29");
  
          mvc.perform(builder);
      }
  

2.3预期结果比较

• 对于请求结果的比对，使用andExcept方法比较

  • 比较请求状态码

    @Test
        public void getById(@Autowired MockMvc mvc) throws Exception {
            //创建虚拟请求的
            MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder =
                    MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/item/20");
    
            ResultActions actions = mvc.perform(builder);
            //定义请求结果的预期值
            ResultMatcher ok = MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk();
            actions.andExpect(ok);
        }
    

  • 比较实际返回值

    @Test
        public void getById(@Autowired MockMvc mvc) throws Exception {
            //创建虚拟请求的
            MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder =
                    MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/item/20");
    
            ResultActions actions = mvc.perform(builder);
            //定义请求结果的预期值
            ResultMatcher ok = MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk();
            actions.andExpect(ok);
    
            //比较你实际结果值
            ResultMatcher json = MockMvcResultMatchers.content().json(
                    "{\n" +
                            "  \"id\": 20,\n" +
                            "  \"name\": \"笔记本电脑\",\n" +
                            "  \"remark\": \"1二手电脑只要一千块\"\n" +
                            "}"
            );
            actions.andExpect(json);
        }
    

    • 如果返回值和实际不匹配会提示如下错误

  • 比较响应头

    	    @Test
    	    public void getByIdHeader(@Autowired MockMvc mvc) throws Exception {
    	        //创建虚拟请求的
    	        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder =
    	                MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/item/20");
    	
    	        ResultActions actions = mvc.perform(builder);
    	        //比较响应头
    	        ResultMatcher header = MockMvcResultMatchers.header().string("Content-Type","application/json");
    	        actions.andExpect(header);
    	    }
    

  • 发起post 请求直接在 content 中添加json转字符串即可

          @Test
          public void postItemBoolean(@Autowired MockMvc mvc,@Autowired ItemTest itemTest) throws Exception {
              Item item = new Item();
              item.setName("键盘111");
              item.setRemark("1000元1111");
              System.out.println("==================");
              System.out.println(itemTest);
              //创建虚拟请求的
              MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder =
                      MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/item");
              builder.contentType("application/json");
              builder.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
              ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
              String s = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(itemTest);
              builder.content(s);
              ResultActions actions = mvc.perform(builder);
              MvcResult mvcResult = actions.andReturn();
              System.out.println(mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus());
      
              ResultMatcher ret = MockMvcResultMatchers.content().string("true");
              actions.andExpect(ret);
          }
    

2.4.测试用例数据设定###

• 直接提供配置即可

  testcase:
    item:
      name: ${random.int(5)}
      remark: ${random.int(5)}
  

• domain

  @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "testcase.item")
  @Component
  @Data
  public class ItemTest {
      private String name;
      private String remark;
  }
  

2.5数据层测试回滚

• 使用注解 rollback + Transactional

  @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
  //开启虚拟mvc的调用
  @AutoConfigureMockMvc
  @Rollback
  @Transactional
  class SpringbootTestApplicationTests {
  }
  

• 开启事务和回滚之后，数据就不会写入数据库了。